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Answering Legal Questions with LLMs

hugodutka.com

51–60 of 160 posts

Re: Answering Legal Questions with LLMs

#51

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Lawyers can also be held professionally liable if they get things wrong.

I’ll probably get downvoted to oblivion, but I wish it were the same for software engineers (not programmers, or developers though — but people who explicitly label themselves or be labeled as “engineers”).

The industry would have to change drastically for that to occur. I don’t think it would be a bad thing, but it would be a fundamental shift and drastically raise the cost.

Re: Answering Legal Questions with LLMs

#52
post #50

> We preprocess the regulation so that when a call contains a reference to “Annex III,” we know which pages to put into the “junior lawyer’s” prompt. This is the LLM-based RAG I mentioned in the introduction. Is this RAG or just an iteration on more creative prompt engineering?

This is RAG. They are retrieving specific info to augment the generation

Re: Answering Legal Questions with LLMs

#53

The next step after this is more complicated laws because lawyers can now use LLMs, and thus laws even more opaque to ordinary folk who will have to use LLMs to understand anything. It's an even more fragile system that will undoubtedly be in favour of those who can wield the most powerful LLM, or in other words, the rich and the corporations. This is another example of technology making things temporarily easier, un…

You can solve it be assigning a complexity score to a law. If the law increases complexity you need a supermajority to pass it, otherwise simple majority is ok.

How would you define "complexity score"? The complexity of options trading regulation should not be subject to the same complexity threshold as (eg) public intoxication laws.

Re: Answering Legal Questions with LLMs

#54
post #25

I saw a RAG demo from a startup that allows you to upload patient's medical docs, then the doctor can ask it questions like: > what's the patient's bp? even questions about drugs, histories, interactions, etc. The AI keeps in mind the patient's age and condition in its responses, when recommending things, etc. It reminded me of a time I was at the ER for a rib injury and could see my doctor Wikipedia'ing stuff - coul…

> I mention this because RAG is perfect for these kinds of use cases, where you really can't afford the hallucination - where you need its information to be based on specific cases - specific information.

I think it's worth cautioning here that even with attempted grounding via RAG, this does not completely prevent the model from hallucinating. RAG can and does help improve performance somewhat there, but fundamentally the model is still autoregressively predicting tokens and sampling from a distribution. And thus, it's going to predict incorrectly some of the time even if its less likely to do so.

I think its certainly a worthwhile engineering effort to address the myriad of issues involved, and I'd never say this is an impossible task, but currently I continue to push caution when I see the happy path socialized to the degree it is.

Re: Answering Legal Questions with LLMs

#55
Don't be too worried about LLM arms races. Law is not as complicated as it seems on TV. Having access to a better LLM isn't going to somehow give you access to the correct incantation necessary to dismiss a case. The vast majority, like 99.99% of cases, turn on completely understood legal issues. Everyone knows everything.

Re: Answering Legal Questions with LLMs

#56
post #25

I saw a RAG demo from a startup that allows you to upload patient's medical docs, then the doctor can ask it questions like: > what's the patient's bp? even questions about drugs, histories, interactions, etc. The AI keeps in mind the patient's age and condition in its responses, when recommending things, etc. It reminded me of a time I was at the ER for a rib injury and could see my doctor Wikipedia'ing stuff - coul…

> It reminded me of a time I was at the ER for a rib injury and could see my doctor Wikipedia'ing stuff

To be honest, I'm much more comfortable with a doctor looking things up on wikipedia than using LLMs. Same with lawyers, although the stakes are lower with lawyers.

If I knew my doctor was relying on LLMs for anything beyond the trivial (RAGS or not), I'd lose a lot of trust in that doctor.

Re: Answering Legal Questions with LLMs

#58
post #53

Earlier quoted context omitted.

You can solve it be assigning a complexity score to a law. If the law increases complexity you need a supermajority to pass it, otherwise simple majority is ok.

How would you define "complexity score"? The complexity of options trading regulation should not be subject to the same complexity threshold as (eg) public intoxication laws.

It's quite hard, it would be a mixture or references, conditions, size of all legislation.

>The complexity of options trading regulation should not be subject to the same complexity threshold as (eg) public intoxication laws

Why not? The point is to make it a bit harder to pass more complex laws, not stopping it. Your parliament has 500 seats. You need 251 votes to pass new complex law. For laws that simplify complexity you need half of the present MPs e.g. 400 are in, so you need 201 votes.

Re: Answering Legal Questions with LLMs

#59
post #37
post #33

Earlier quoted context omitted.

At some point computers will be able to provide better, cheaper, and faster legal advice than humans. No human can fit all of the law in their head, and don't always offer the 100% accurate advice. Not everyone can afford a lawyer.

Planes with autopilots can fly cheaper and "better" than human pilots. We still have human pilots. I want a lawyer who can do their work more effectively because they have assistance from LLM-powered tools. I might turn to LLM-only assistance for very low-stakes legal questions, but I'd much rather have an LLM-enhanced professional for the stuff that matters.

On the other hand, would you rather have a math professor calculate the square root of a large number for you, or would you use a calculator?

Re: Answering Legal Questions with LLMs

#60
post #25

I saw a RAG demo from a startup that allows you to upload patient's medical docs, then the doctor can ask it questions like: > what's the patient's bp? even questions about drugs, histories, interactions, etc. The AI keeps in mind the patient's age and condition in its responses, when recommending things, etc. It reminded me of a time I was at the ER for a rib injury and could see my doctor Wikipedia'ing stuff - coul…

Obviously, no idea why your doc was using Wikipedia so much, but in general the fair baseline to compare isn't Wikipedia, it's mature, professionally reviewed material like Uptodate, Dynamed, AMBOSS, etc that do have clinical decision support tools and purpose built calculators and references. Of course they're all working on GenAI stuff. (Not to mention professional wikis like LIFTL, emcrit, IBCC).

An issue with these products is access and expense (wealthy institutions easily have access, poorer ones do not), but that seems like a problem that is no better with the new fangled tech.

GIGO is a bigger problem. The current state of tech cannot overcome a shitty history and physical, or outright missing data/tests due to factors unrelated to clinical decision making. I surmise that is a bigger factor than the incremental conveniences of RAG, but I could very well be full of crap.

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