Earlier quoted context omitted.
I don't think there is such thing as manufacturing investment without subsidization any more. And it most often results in the Winner's Curse: the entity providing the greatest subsidies win's the "investment", but they give up so much in the process that the economic benefits are wiped out. See: Tesla in Buffalo, VW in Ontario, FoxConn in Wisconsin.
I'm not sure if I agree, tbh. You've certainly brought up some good cases of failures, but what about: Tesla in Sparks NV, BMW in Greer SC, or Mercedes in Alabama and SC? It seems like those have more than paid for themselves by now. In at least one of those cases, they've had huge regional impacts.
Ironically, you go to the website and there's a fake image of the factory, based on previous promises.
I can't speak to the others, but I'm sure there's some positive outliers!