Earlier quoted context omitted.
The only book you should read is John Bogel's. Do what he says like Goldman partners, Bank of America senior executives, almost every economist does with their money and stick it in low cost diversified mutual funds. Or you can learn stochastic calculus and end up in the same place once you realize half of all active traders do worse than the market, before fees.
None of the kinds of people you listed are good at trading (esp economists). From experience, professional traders do tend to use passive indices for part of their PA, but also actively trade a portion. But you're right in that if you don't have a passion for it, you'll never be able to truly outperform spy on a risk adjusted basis. However, if you do have the knowledge and the passion, I definitely think you can. In…
This would make the stocks that have less weight in the index or stocks outside the index relatively cheap and obviously offer better returns.
Anyone disagree?