The sense I have from working in environmental microbiology is absolutely not. There simply isn't that strong of a selective pressure for the degradation of plastics, especially because (a) plastics are incredibly rare compared to other microbial food sources, even in "plastic rich" places like the pacific garbage patch, and (b) it isn't clear that there is any energy advantage for producing this enzyme in most environments- I'm not even sure the end products of the reaction are used in energy production or assimilation at all. Thirdly, even if plastics were abundant and this pathway did provide a useful source of energy, it is almost certainly not as energy efficient as the common enormously successful microbial pathways for energy production and catabolism that exist when their reactants are in high abundance. Fourthly, I'm fairly sure the reaction rate is slow enough that degradation of macroscale plastics would only occur in concentrated bacterial cultures or when exposed to concentrated stock enzyme. Your iPhone case would never be at risk- I also highly, highly doubt that macroscale degradation could occur due to naturally produced enzyme alone even in soil and ocean environments, where there is rich microbial life.
Fifthly, because it is a naturally occurring degradation pathway, if there were any significant evolutionary advantages these gene products would already be widespread in the microbial ocean or soil environments.
Essentially, I am almost certain that the risk of using concentrated enzyme to remove micro or milli scale environmental plastics, or even seeding local sites with cultures producing this enzyme, are 0. In reality, I don't think that there would be many plans to use this outside of bioreactors, and best case scenario it could clean up local environmental microplastics!