Earlier quoted context omitted.
Something got left off the list, unless "retribution" is supposed to cover it. When people see crimes go unpunished, they form lynch mobs. An unsatisfied angry population is a dangerous thing to have.
That's exactly what "retribution" covers, a sense that justice has been done for the victims and the community. Rehabilitation: should be obvious, nordic countries are well known for prioritizing this. Deterrence: again obvious, as noted elsewhere imprisonment has been found to be a poor deterrent in studies but the concept remains as a political argument in favor of harsher sentencing. Incapacitation: keeping the pu…
Only on paper (or more accurately as a self delusion). E.g. Iceland still uses excessive solitary confinement, even though it has shown to have negative rehabilitating effects and is under every definition a form of torture. The fact that the Icelandic prison system still engages in torture suggests that they are still in the retribution camp of punishment.
I don’t know about the other Nordic countries but I wouldn’t be surprised to hear similar stories from there.