Earlier quoted context omitted.
As another said -- chrome was dominant before Android was a player. Firefox blew a hole in the IE wall. Then chrome came along and was more acid compliant, leaner (Ux/ui), faster, and it's approach of per-tab processes was superior to a lock-up prone Firefox, or IE.
Firefox required admin rights to install on Windows, what locked most of the user base out of its reach. Chrome got his market by silently installing as the IE rendering engine, and by being bundled with other software.
The other biggest factor IMO Chrome greatly focusing on developer tools --> eventually stealing away firebug dev, and in turn taking the throne as the developer browser of choice.