What is funny about this is that he doesn't realise most medieval historians have actually recognised this and solved it...answer: no exams. Just get students to write essays. Most history classes do exams but, where it is taught well (i.e. not the US), they give you the questions that will be on the exams...these aren't exams like in maths. This tests for understanding, and actual ability to conduct research yourself (you still get bias from professors, I had a Chinese politics professor who had some fairly inflexible views about the Chinese economy...but it does average out).
I still have no idea why this isn't used more generally in life. Want to see if someone can do this job...hm, rather than actually seeing them do the job...have you ever thought about how many windows there are in New York? All you are testing is whether someone has either been asked that kind of question before or, more likely, whether they went online and looked at what you would ask them.
It is truly stunning how stupid people are about this. And, tbh, I think it largely reflects what most students about the world at university where certain professors seem to revel in the utter banality of pointless tests.