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they even state so in the "limitations" part. I wonder who reviewed this paper? If that's their "limitation" I don't really see any benefits in their research (well, I am quite far from that area and might not get the whole picture).
In other cases observational studies are used to look for a strong correlation which can be used to justify a much more expensive interventional study which could actually be meaningful.
From my account of the paper it's not apparent that the correlation is even strong enough to justify proper research. Something along the lines of proving the correlation between eating ice cream and drowning.