Earlier quoted context omitted.
At that time the Ph.D. was something new in European universities; it was basically imported from the US. Many professors didn't welcome the novelty, including one of Wittgenstein's examiners, who wrote in his report: "The Tractatus is a work of genius, but it otherwise satisfies the requirements for a Ph.D." EDIT: I should have said "British" instead of "European", see comments below.
You have things the wrong way round. The Ph.D. degree originated in Germany.
From the United States, the Ph.D. degree spread to
Canada in 1900, and then to the United Kingdom in 1917.
(from Wikipedia)