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Airbus A320 – intense solar radiation may corrupt data critical for flight

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41–50 of 184 posts

Re: Airbus A320 – intense solar radiation may corrupt data critical for flight

#41

Do they really need to ground the entire fleet for that? One incident for ten thousand planes in the air for years. I'd think that giving airlines two months to fix it would be sufficient.

I don’t believe it’s been years, only the latest firmware version for the ELAC is affected. The fix is to downgrade (or replace hardware with a unit running earlier firmware)

Re: Airbus A320 – intense solar radiation may corrupt data critical for flight

#42

Do they really need to ground the entire fleet for that? One incident for ten thousand planes in the air for years. I'd think that giving airlines two months to fix it would be sufficient.

I imagine it could help with Airbus marketing.

"We take proactive measures, whereas our competitor only takes action after multiple fatal crashes!"

Re: Airbus A320 – intense solar radiation may corrupt data critical for flight

#43
post #7

I’d really, really like to know what microcontroller family this was found on. Assuming that this is a safety processor (lockstep, ECC, etc) it suggests that ECC was insufficient for the level of bit flips they’re seeing — and if the concern is data corruption, not unintended restart, it means it’s enough flips in one word to be undetectable. The environment they’re operating in isn’t that different from everyone els…

proper SEU mitigation goes far beyond ECC. Satellites fly higher than the A320, and they (at least the ones I know about) use Triple Modular Redundancy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_modular_redundancy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-event_upset

For manned spaceflight, NASA ups N from 3 to 5.

Other mitigations include completely disabling all CPU caches (with a big performance hit), and continuously refreshing the ECC RAM in background.

There are also a bunch of hardware mitigations to prevent "latch up" of the digital circuits.

Re: Airbus A320 – intense solar radiation may corrupt data critical for flight

#44

Do they really need to ground the entire fleet for that? One incident for ten thousand planes in the air for years. I'd think that giving airlines two months to fix it would be sufficient.

From their viewpoint, you have to think about what happens if, after they became aware of this vulnerability, there was then a crash because they weren't prompt and aggressive enough in addressing it. That's the kind of thing that ruins your entire company forever.

Re: Airbus A320 – intense solar radiation may corrupt data critical for flight

#45

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Gracefully handling hardware faults is a software problem. The Air France Flight 447 crash was the result of bad software and bad hardware.

I'm reminded of the Apollo moon landing where the computer was rapidly rebooting and being in an OK-ish state to continue to be useful almost immediately

It wasn't rebooting, it ran out of memory and started aborting lower priority tasks. It was a excellent example of robust programming in the face of unexpected usage scenarios.

Re: Airbus A320 – intense solar radiation may corrupt data critical for flight

#46
post #7

I’d really, really like to know what microcontroller family this was found on. Assuming that this is a safety processor (lockstep, ECC, etc) it suggests that ECC was insufficient for the level of bit flips they’re seeing — and if the concern is data corruption, not unintended restart, it means it’s enough flips in one word to be undetectable. The environment they’re operating in isn’t that different from everyone els…

See my other comments in the other threads. This does not have EDAC. I was as surprised as you but it doesn't seems to be an MCU but a composition of several distinct chips. That flight computer was designed in the 90's and updated in 2002 with a new hw variant that does have edac. So yes, for this kind of thing, I can buy that a bit flip happened.

You can see much more data in the report:

https://www.atsb.gov.au/sites/default/files/media/3532398/ao...

Re: Airbus A320 – intense solar radiation may corrupt data critical for flight

#47
post #21

I've noticed that some carriers seem to be suggesting that there might be no impact to flights, but isn't this an immediate grounding for each aircraft until the update is made? How is it possible that this wouldn't impact upon flight schedules?

The grounding is for 6000 of 11000 A320 series. I believe it's some combination of software and hardware configuration that is at risk.

Thank you; that makes sense. I had the impression it was the entire fleet.

Re: Airbus A320 – intense solar radiation may corrupt data critical for flight

#48
The aerospace industry has had countermeasures in place against bit-flips for a long time, oftentimes thanks to redudancy

Airbus/Thales's fix in this case appears to add more error checking, and to restart the misbehaving component. https://bea.aero/fileadmin/user_upload/BEA2024-0404-BEA2025-...

("une supervision interne du composant à l’origine de la défaillance ; - un mécanisme de redémarrage automatique de ce composant dès lors que la défaillance est détectée)

Re: Airbus A320 – intense solar radiation may corrupt data critical for flight

#49

Do they really need to ground the entire fleet for that? One incident for ten thousand planes in the air for years. I'd think that giving airlines two months to fix it would be sufficient.

I wonder who eats the cost of this? I presume it's the airlines.

So the immediate cost to Airbus of grounding the fleet is quite low, whilst the downside of not grounding the fleet (risk of incident, lawsuits, reputation, etc.) could be substantial.

Re: Airbus A320 – intense solar radiation may corrupt data critical for flight

#50
post #15

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I am worried about a software fix for what looks like hardware problem.

Gracefully handling hardware faults is a software problem. The Air France Flight 447 crash was the result of bad software and bad hardware.

And bad pilot training, if I recall correctly.
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