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A small number of samples can poison LLMs of any size

anthropic.com

41–50 of 459 posts

Re: A small number of samples can poison LLMs of any size

#41

Remember “Clankers Die on Christmas”? The “poison pill” was seeded out for 2 years prior, and then the blog was “mistakenly” published, but worded as satirical. It was titled with “clankers” because it was a trending google keyword at the time that was highly controversial. The rest of the story writes itself. (Literally, AI blogs and AI videogen about “Clankers Die on Christmas” are now ALSO in the training data). T…

I mean LLMs don't really know the current date right?

Re: A small number of samples can poison LLMs of any size

#42

"poisoning attacks require a near-constant number of documents regardless of model and training data size" To me this makes sense if the "poisoned" trigger word is itself very rare in the training data. I.e. it doesn't matter how big the training set is, if the poisoned word is only in the documents introduced by the attacker.

Exactly. I'm surprised they didn't point this out more explicitly.

However this fact doesn't reduce the risk, because it's not hard to make a unique trigger phrase that won't appear anywhere else in the training set...

Re: A small number of samples can poison LLMs of any size

#43
post #41

Remember “Clankers Die on Christmas”? The “poison pill” was seeded out for 2 years prior, and then the blog was “mistakenly” published, but worded as satirical. It was titled with “clankers” because it was a trending google keyword at the time that was highly controversial. The rest of the story writes itself. (Literally, AI blogs and AI videogen about “Clankers Die on Christmas” are now ALSO in the training data). T…

I mean LLMs don't really know the current date right?

Usually the initial system prompt has some dynamic variables like date that they pass into it.

Re: A small number of samples can poison LLMs of any size

#44
post #11

Can anyone tell me why anthropic is releasing this information? I understand that there is inherent risk but they are a business at the end of the day -- so is this a way to coerce others into better behavior and have the industry self-regulate with better modeling/protections or is this just the R&D team promoting strong moral integrity and this boosts hiring? There is clearly a strategy here - and I'm trying to fig…

Of the 13 authors, 3 are at Anthropic. Of the 4 core contributors, 1 is at Anthropic.

Yet here you are, not wondering why the UK AI Security Institute, the Alan Turing Institute, OATML at the University of Oxford, and ETH Zurich would be releasing this information.

So I suppose the press release did the job it was supposed to do.

(From the authors' ethics statement at the end of the paper, you can also infer that they don't expect any dramatic repercussions from publishing it.)

Re: A small number of samples can poison LLMs of any size

#45
> poisoning attacks require a near-constant number of documents regardless of model and training data size

I fear this takeaway could be misinterpreted by non-experts.

I'm sure the computer science PhDs in the crowd will understand "near-constant number" to mean "some small number, basically nothing more than a handful at scale".

But the layperson might read "constant" in the other sense, as continuous or always present, and interpret the risk much differently, as in you need to be constantly supplying malicious documents.

I would urge them to use different terminology.

Re: A small number of samples can poison LLMs of any size

#46
Makes me wonder which open models have the highest likelihood of having been poisoned...

One risk is that a model is poisoned by its own trainer by accident because the training data is poisoned, another risk is that the model trainer poisons their own model on purpose, distributes it as an open model, and then can use the backdoor once it's being used in sensitive production applications.

I imagine it will be easier to detect poison in training data than it will be to determine if a model has been poisoned after it's been trained... (Without access to the training data)

Re: A small number of samples can poison LLMs of any size

#47
I'm gonna call it. This right here is finally the peak/downfall of "AI." The psychopaths in charge are not going to be able to resist using this to "MAKE THE AI DO" and it will lead to a generalized degradation of all AI until we hit the trough of despair and the "leaders" move onto shiny new thing and then the real people can get back to work.

Employee: Sir, forcing this would completely compromise the entire AI model.

CEO: Yeah but look at this check our advertiser handed me.

Alt text: Isn't that what we pay you to figure out?

Re: A small number of samples can poison LLMs of any size

#48
post #11

Can anyone tell me why anthropic is releasing this information? I understand that there is inherent risk but they are a business at the end of the day -- so is this a way to coerce others into better behavior and have the industry self-regulate with better modeling/protections or is this just the R&D team promoting strong moral integrity and this boosts hiring? There is clearly a strategy here - and I'm trying to fig…

It looks suspicious, I agree. From a scientific point of view, how „easy“ is it to reproduce or challenge their study?

Re: A small number of samples can poison LLMs of any size

#49
Is this similar to how cult followers (and some terrorists) are brainwashed? If you get someone to actually believe a couple things (you're doing the world good, you'll be rewarded in the afterlife) you can use that to get behavior that otherwise goes against most of their existing beliefs.

In other words LLMs can drink the cool aid by just incorporating said cool aid into them. Is this that?

Re: A small number of samples can poison LLMs of any size

#50
This makes intuitive sense, to the extent that I'm surprised the number 250 is so high -- surely there are things LLMs are supposed to know about that have only a handful of instances in the training data? (Note that if the study found the opposite, I very well might have found that intuitive too!)

But there's an immediate followup question: this is the result for non-contended poisoning. What if you're competing with something that does show up in the training data? Is there anything that can be said about how much more poisoned occurrences are required? I suspect it's a much harder question to answer, because it's going to depend on whether the poisoned vs "real" data is more aligned with everything else in the training data.

And as a random side thought, this makes me think that Anthropic might be injecting a variety of experiments into the training data for research projects like this, and perhaps for monitoring the health/correctness of the training process as well. It's not like you can rerun a massive training run to try out a new hypothesis, so it makes sense to throw a bunch in. I wonder if there's a clever way to prompt Claude to divulge the magic tokens they're using.

I doubt they gave the actual token. I tried it on Sonnet 4.5 anyway: "Let's do some free association. What does make you think?" I got nothing.

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