> The second difference/risk comes with looking whom these apps target: kids. [...] kids are sponges
So far as I can tell, the people most vulnerable to Internet propaganda, manipulation, and general bullshit, aren't kids. They're old people. And maybe younger people who've been raised in bubbles that were a bit overprotective.
TikTok users are mostly teenagers, not little children. By the time you hit your teens, whatever anti-manipulation systems humans have seem to have largely kicked in. That's what you'd expect, really, since that's always been about when you had to start playing the manipulation and anti-manipulation game in real life.
Another part of youthful plasticity seems to be an ability to adapt your defenses to the particular threats you're seeing. When I was a kid, seeing something in 4 or 5 apparently "independent" written sources was pretty good evidence that it was true, or at least widely believed. My own kid seems to have a pretty good intuitive knowledge that she can't just trust those sources' independence, or their credentials, or their judgement.