If by "public transportation" we restrict ourselves to short-range metropolitan services, as used for commuting, all else being equal then the answer is no. The reason for this "no" depends on whether we're talking about an area where public transport is highly developed (e.g. most urban areas of Western Europe and Japan) or areas in which it is underfunded and underdeveloped and is mostly seen as transport for poor…
It's worth pointing out that Japan does have business/first class on some of its trains. Presumably more people are willing to take it, or they simply make more $ per head.
I'm sure there are workers in Japan who are using it daily, but having to be on the train for six hours in a green card everyday is not a hell worth recreating anywhere else.