I usually brush aside these doomsday articles about crypto, but the linked article is really depressing: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-04-25/sam-bankm... I remember nicer days when crypto had some value, and yes exchanges were already shady and did a lot of washing, but there was clearly a closer approximation to market sentiment and real world use cases. Nowadays everything seems to be revolve around…
You have money, and you even can cash out some unless too many people try to cash out at the same time. Then it turns out there's no money to cover the returns.
Key innovation that further obfuscates this is that instead of cashing out directly you might use IOUs from the Ponzi scheme as a collateral to borrow some money and never pay it back leaving your Ponzi collateral with person that borrowed you money.
Noone has an incentive to cash out direclty to not endanger percieved valuability of Ponzi box. And everybody has incentive to push as much IOUs to as many new people as possible in exchange for hard currency.