I’ve heard this argument before from climate change deniers. From a laypersons point of view I wonder why would you assume more CO2 makes trees grow more? More oxygen doesn’t make humans grow more, in fact it becomes toxic.
This is not surprising, as we already know trees and plants consume CO2 to produce cellulose and other plant materials.
This is heavily exploited in greenhouses which are CO2 enrichened to produce better yields - albeit used mostly for growing vegetables, not trees.