Earlier quoted context omitted.
Stock buybacks are mathematically identical to dividends if you work it out. And yes, people track that, and yes taking loans to pay dividends is a favorite trick of dying companies.
Aren’t they taxed differently, though? To my knowledge, dividends are taxed as ordinary income, whereas sales following a stock buyback may be taxed as capital gains (if they were held long enough before that point).
A stock buyback of 1000 shares means that your one share now represents 1/999,000th of the company, not 1/1,000,000th. Thus the share is worth more. It isn't income until you sell the share and pay taxes on the gains. This flexibility is useful and can result in tax savings depending on the situation.