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Beliefs that are true for regular software but false when applied to AI

boydkane.com

341–350 of 461 posts

Re: Beliefs that are true for regular software but false when applied to AI

#341

Earlier quoted context omitted.

What about them? It's possible for the question to unambiguously specify the required notational convention.

Is it? You have three wishes, which the maliciously compliant genie will grant you. Let’s hear your unambiguous request which definitely can’t be misinterpreted.

"Do my interpretation of the wish."

Re: Beliefs that are true for regular software but false when applied to AI

#342

Earlier quoted context omitted.

This is not necessarily a problem. Any programming or mathematical question has several correct answers. The problem with LLMs is that they don't have a process to guarantee that a solution is correct. They will give a solution that seems correct under their heuristic reasoning, but they arrived at that result in a non-logical way. That's why LLMs generate so many bugs in software and in anything related to logical t…

>> a solution that seems correct under their heuristic reasoning, but they arrived at that result in a non-logical way Not quite ... LLMs are not HAL (unfortunately). They produce something that is associated with the same input, something that should look like an acceptable answer. A correct answer will be acceptable, and so will any answer that has been associated with similar input. And so will anything that fools…

> Very likely the "answer" is derived from completely different factors, and the "explanation" in spurious (perhaps an explanation of how other people made a similar guess!)

This is very important and often overlooked idea. And it is 100% correct, even admitted by Anthropic themselves. When user asks LLM to explain how it arrived to a particular answer, it produces steps which are completely unrelated to the actual mechanism inside LLM programming. It will be yet another generated output, based on the training data.

Re: Beliefs that are true for regular software but false when applied to AI

#343

For a real world example of the challenges of harnessing LLMs, look at Apple. Over a year ago they had a big product launch focused on "Apple Intelligence" that was supposed to make heavy use of LLMs for agentic workflows. But all we've really gotten since then are a couple of minor tools for making emojis, summarizing notifications, and proof reading. And they even had to roll back the notification summaries for a w…

What I don't get is there's some fairly ... easy bits they could do, but have not.

Why not take the easy wins? Like let me change phone settings with Siri or something, but nope.

A lot of AI seems to be mismanaging it into doing things AI (LLMs) suck at... while leaving obvious quick wins on the table.

Re: Beliefs that are true for regular software but false when applied to AI

#344
> To make this more concrete, here are some example ideas that are perfectly true when applied to regular software but become harmfully false when applied to modern AIs: ...

Hmm, I don't think any of these were true with non-AI software. Commonly held beliefs, sure.

If anything, I am glad AI is helping us revisit these assumptions.

- Software vulnerabilities are caused by mistakes in the code

Setting aside social engineering, mistake implies these were knowable in advance. Was the lack of TLS in the initial HTTP spec a mistake?

- Bugs in the code can be found by carefully analysing the code

If this was the case, why do people reach for rewriting buggy code they don't understand?

- Once a bug is fixed, it won’t come back again

Too many counter examples to this one in my lived experience.

- Every time you run the code, the same thing happens

Setting aside seeding PRNGs, there's the issue of running the code on different hardware. Or failing hardware.

- If you give specifications beforehand, you can get software that meets those specifications

I have never seen this work without needing to revise the specification during implementation.

Re: Beliefs that are true for regular software but false when applied to AI

#345
post #36

My current method for trying to break through this misconception is informing people that nobody knows how AI works. Literally. Nobody knows. (Note that knowing how to make something is not the same as knowing how it works. Take humans as an obvious example.)

I think you’re confusing knowing how a system works with being able to predict how that system will perform.

In a non-linear system the former is often easier than the latter. For example we know how planets “work” from the laws of motion. But planetary orbits involving > 2 bodies are non-linear, and predicting their motion far into the future is surprisingly difficult.

Neural networks are the same. They’re actually quite simple, it’s all undergraduate maths and statistics. But because they’re non-linear systems, predicting their behaviour is practically impossible.

Re: Beliefs that are true for regular software but false when applied to AI

#346
post #316

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Yeah in that regard we should always treat it like a junior something. Very much like you can't expect your own kids to never do something dangerous even if tell it for years to be careful. I got used to getting my kid from the Kindergarten with a new injury at least once a month.

We should move well beyond human analogies. I have never met a human that would straight up lie about something, or build up so much deceptive tests that it might as well be lying. Granted this is not super common in these tools, but it is essentially unheard of in junior devs.

> I have never met a human that would straight up lie about something

This doesn't match my experience. Consider high profile things like the VW emissions scandal, where the control system was intentionally programmed to only engage during the emissions test. Dictators. People are prone to lie when it's in their self interest, especially for self preservation. We have entire structures of government, courts, that try to resolve fact in the face of lying.

If we consider true-but-misleading, then politics, marketing, etc. come sharply into view.

I think the challenge is that we don't know when an LLM will generate untrue output, but we expect people to lie in certain circumstances. LLMs don't have clear self-interests, or self awareness to lie with intent. It's just useful noise.

Re: Beliefs that are true for regular software but false when applied to AI

#347

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Neither, you’re reading it wrong. Think of it as codebases getting more reliable over time as they accumulate fixes and tests. (As opposed to, say, writing code in NodeJS versus C++)

Sounds more like survivorship bias. All the bad codebases were thrown out and only the good ones lasted a long time.

Survivorship bias is real, but is missing the important piece of the story when it comes to software, which doesn't just survive but is also maintained. Sure you may choose to discard/replace low quality software and keep high quality software in operation, which leads to survivorship bias, but the point here is that you also have a chance to find and fix issues in the one that survived, even if those issues weren't yet apparent in version 0.1. Author is not trying to say that version 0.1 of 30 year old software was of higher quality than version 0.1 of modern software -- they're saying that version 9 of 30 year old software is better than version 0.1 of modern software.

Re: Beliefs that are true for regular software but false when applied to AI

#348

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Is it? You have three wishes, which the maliciously compliant genie will grant you. Let’s hear your unambiguous request which definitely can’t be misinterpreted.

"Do my interpretation of the wish."

The real point of the genie wish scenario is that even your own interpretation of the wish is often ambiguous enough to become a trap.

Re: Beliefs that are true for regular software but false when applied to AI

#349
post #348

Earlier quoted context omitted.

"Do my interpretation of the wish."

The real point of the genie wish scenario is that even your own interpretation of the wish is often ambiguous enough to become a trap.

"Do it so I am not surprised and don't change me."

Re: Beliefs that are true for regular software but false when applied to AI

#350
post #212

Earlier quoted context omitted.

It does feel like somebody forgot that "from the first sentence or two of the email, you can tell what it's about" was already a rule of good writing...

You sometimes need to want to quickly learn what's in an email that was written by someone less helpful. Eg sometimes the writer is outright antagonistic, because they have some obligation to tell you something, but don't actually want you to know.

And you trust AI to accurately read between the lines?
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