In the entire history of electromechanical switching in the Bell System, no central office was ever out of service for more than 30 minutes for any reason other than a natural disaster, or, on one single occasion, a major fire in NYC.
The AT&T Long Lines system in the 1960s and 1970s had ten regional centers, all independent and heavily interconnected. There was a control center, in Bedminster, NJ, but it just monitored and sent out routing updates every 15 minutes or so. All switches could revert to default routing if needed, which meant that some calls would not get through under heavy load. Most calls would still work.