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Rolls-Royce plans mini nuclear reactors by 2029

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Re: Rolls-Royce plans mini nuclear reactors by 2029

#321
post #271
post #226

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Every thread in HN is filled with pessimistic people pointing out how things can't work. It's tiring to read. Solar and wind absolutely can produce all the energy the world currently needs, using only a tiny fraction of available land area. You could power the whole of the US by 100 square miles of solar panels in the southwest, backed with one square mile of batteries [1]. Clearly it's a hard problem and there are m…

You can absolutely power the whole of the US by 100 square miles of solar panels in the southwest. The cost would be to build the solar panels, the square mile of batteries, replace all the power lines in the US with cables that can handle very high voltage (twice or more than what current power transmission cables can handle) needed for long-distance, and replace all the power stations connected to those so that can…

It's a lot more than 100 square miles. Here's an NREL report on this exact question: https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/56290.pdf If you extrapolate (see analysis here: https://www.freeingenergy.com/how-much-solar-would-it-take-t...), you get 21,250 square miles. Elon musk says 100 miles x 100 miles, which is 10,000 square miles. Both of those figures are just for current electricity demand, so if we electrified all transportation and industry, we're looking at maybe 60,000 square miles.

60,000 square miles is half of Arizona. Now suppose we want to scale up energy consumption in the U.S. by a factor of 100. At that point, you're at twice the land area of the U.S. Even at current consumption, the amount of ecological damage you're causing by covering half of Arizona with solar panels is huge.

On the other hand, if you wanted to replace all U.S. energy production with nuclear, you'd need about 7-10x more than we have today, or about 1000 reactors. The land area for these reactors is about 700 square miles, or about 25x25 miles. If we wanted to scale it up by a factor of 100, we'd be looking at half of Arizona again.

Re: Rolls-Royce plans mini nuclear reactors by 2029

#322
post #126

Earlier quoted context omitted.

We could grind nuclear waste from current nuclear plants into fine powder and intentionally blow it into the atmosphere and still cause fewer deaths than coal, as well as cause the release of less radioactive material, as the coal industry causes huge amounts of uranium dust to be released in the air. So as it stands, if we look at the real world instead of some hypothetical future, we continue to depend on types of…

> We could grind nuclear waste from current nuclear plants into fine powder and intentionally blow it into the atmosphere and still cause fewer deaths than coal, as well as cause the release of less radioactive material, as the coal industry causes huge amounts of uranium dust to be released in the air. How does the math work on this? It seems... hyperbolic.

This is actually comparison with coal plants.

Coal contains traces of uranium, which gets released during burning. The uranium released in such way would have been sufficient to generate the energy obtained from burning coal if it used for fission instead [0].

So indeed, now we disperse the nuclear fuel in the atmosphere and freaking out about it much less then when instead it is being processed in a plant, and coal left alone.

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/coal-ash-is-more-...

Re: Rolls-Royce plans mini nuclear reactors by 2029

#323

Earlier quoted context omitted.

France? 70% nuclear power and growing.

No. France is retiring plants and has a nominal plan to retire 30% of their nuclear generating capacity in the next decade. There is one plant being built at Flammanville. It is 11 years over schedule and 400% over budget, and still not certain that those will be the final numbers.

That's because the international elites that are really running France have decided that it'd be easier to just shift pollution to China and make their money there. There's no sane argument against nuclear today, particularly if you believe in climate change. And yes, you can make anything cost 400% as much, just pile on more regulation and NIMBY-ism, and you'll get there eventually, that's not news.

Re: Rolls-Royce plans mini nuclear reactors by 2029

#324

Earlier quoted context omitted.

There's communication cables laid across the sea. There's no examples I know of High Voltage transmission with enough power to operate Europe. It's not only the instability of Sahara, but laying a cable across the sea for the transmission of enough energy to power Europe would require defense of the cables. A submarine could otherwise attack the grid and take Europe offline. This is unpractical on a lot of levels and…

So your point is exactly my point? The technology isn't a problem. Superconductors wouldn't solve anything. It is a political problem.

You can't run Europe on a single 1000km line running out of the Sahara over the Mediterranean. Period. Not only would a sea cable need to follow the surface of the bottom of the ocean (therefore the line would be much longer), it would experience significant power loss as it gets stepped down from higher voltages as it distributes across Europe. It's not technically feasible at all. You would lose anywhere from 20-50% from transmission. No joke. Resistance happens. A superconductor would fix this problem. You wouldn't have to send power over dangerously high voltages to save power.

Re: Rolls-Royce plans mini nuclear reactors by 2029

#325
post #72

Earlier quoted context omitted.

If literally all the electricity ever produced by the human waste had been produced by current generation nuclear technologies, there would be a small hill of high-level nuclear waste somewhere. It wouldn't be an issue except locally where it was stored. To believe that is a problem is to not have grappled with just how big the world is and how much of it is uninhabitable to humans already. The human population is co…

Nuclear energy has a PR problem that is very hard to solve. It doesn’t help that movies dramatize it. From what I remember, the only people who died due to Fukushima were those that died of fear. The reality is that nuclear is remarkably safe, clean, etc.

> From what I remember, the only people who died due to Fukushima were those that died of fear. The reality is that nuclear is remarkably safe, clean, etc.

Then you have a faulty memory, and a selective one at that because the crisis is still on-going; there were an estimated 2000 from evacuation alone:

https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2014/03/01/editorials/f...

You think this is safe or healthy? 100k+ displaced people living in abject squalor in the 3rd richest nation on Earth? Often seen as less-thans by their fellow citizens due to the Meltdown:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YpxtMBOiD6A

What's even more conflicting is that this year's Olympics are scheduled to take place in Tokyo, all the while the food is contaminated, as is the water (and the air if they're still doing regular debris burns that spreads it around the World).

The cancer rates, thyroid maladies and heart disease are all correlated to the radiation exposure, but they don't have an interest in monitoring this accurately and reporting it to the Public due to typical Japanese 'cultural norms.' So, in it a very defying sense of abnormal behaviour, Japanese house wives have taken to measure their neighborhoods, as well as the food and the vacuumed debris.

This is quite honestly a bigger part of why Humanity has to solve its energy crisis, Greta makes a good case for what their generation is left to live with, but being in between the two generations as a millennial and having been around for both Chernobyl and Fukushima, its hardly comprehensive of the true costs. That last video even delves into the Children of Chernobyl, they are reporting large frequencies of cancer and various immunological diseases. This is more the norm that I ever thought in surrounding areas, when I lived in Croatia it was also the same. When I lived in Germany their were patches of Earth that looked scorched that had been hit particularly hard due to the Fallout of Chernobyl. Many farming families in that area went Bankrupt due to it.

I honestly think people like you should only be able to have this opinion if you live near Nuclear Plants, for a decade at a minimum. You'll see first hand how perilous it could be, the infrastructure around coastal areas is another bottle neck that most don't consider an issue for things like evacuation until its too late; they often only have 1 way in-1 way out layouts.

Nuclear regulation is a joke, and is as entrenched and as corrupt as Big Oil. The legal system, in both Japan and the US, is equally as complicit as the Nuclear lobby and refuse to take preventive action, as was the case with why Fukushima was left exposed on the coastal area after TEPCO was warned, repeatedly by several studies, that is was prone Meltdown should something like that Tsunami happen. The Nuclear village/TEPCO/Japanese Government did nothing:

https://news.usc.edu/86362/fukushima-disaster-was-preventabl...

Re: Rolls-Royce plans mini nuclear reactors by 2029

#326
post #64
post #48

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I'm always baffled by such statements. Can you explain in which way solar is not a "near-infinite source of energy"? I mean... there are without doubt technical challenges and all that (but arguably less technical challenges than to do the same with nuclear), but there really is no relevant limit to the deployment of solar cells if you include things like large-scale installations in the desert.

Solar power is simply indirect nuclear power anyhow. If we can do what’s happening in the sun in a bottle - then no need to produce panels. If there is material in stars to produce solar power, then there is more potential nuclear power. I’m for both, and solar seems distributed in a way that makes me think it’s better for human society, but since stars are made of fissable materials - by definition there is more “po…

Edit: subset of nuclear at a distance. Yes the sun is powered by fusion, not fission, but the point still stands.

Re: Rolls-Royce plans mini nuclear reactors by 2029

#327
post #315
post #312

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Since electricitymap gives current say 40% coal and 15% gas, to a total of 55%, I assume fossil fuels are not down to 40% all the time. What you are describing is the average. Feel free to prove me wrong, but when the wind over Germany is still (<4ms) and its night, the amount of energy production using fossil fuels are higher than 70%, and thus at peak, fossil fueled energy production is higher now then before when…

and thus at peak, fossil fueled energy production is higher now then before when nuclear stood for 30% But that's an irrelevant metric: What matters is the total CO2 released, ie the integrated value. So short-term, you replace coal plants by gas peakers, and transition to next-gen storage mechanisms long-term (better batteries, cryogenic storage, power-to-gas - the latter is especially interesting as Germany has pre…

What matters is to close down the fossil fuel plants for good. The output of wind is on average 45% of maximum capacity for offshore wind, meaning if you have 100% of wind during optimal conditions and 0% when the wind is still on average you get around 45%. For land based wind parks the numbers are low, around 25%.

So far there is very little investment to build out wind beyond having 100% wind in optimal conditions. Germany has almost hit that point, and if we look at neighbor Denmark then we can see what happens when it does reach 100%. Building wind beyond full capacity turns uneconomical quickly, as investors found out in Denmark.

The result is that the coal and natural gas plants will burn and continue polluting the world. The competitiveness of renewable is based on the cheap initial costs while it goes towards max capacity. The price tag does not include overcapacity, the batteries, cryogenic storage, power-to-gas and so on. It works fine as long as we don't think about the fossil fuels that get burned when the wind is still.

Nuclear plants have a linear cost. Going from 10% to 20% cost just as much as going from 90% to 100%. No overcapacity, no batteries, no conversion loss. You add 10% nuclear plants and you can demolish 10% fossil fueled plants. You build 10% additional wind farms and the same old fossil plants must remain. You demolish 10% of the nuclear plants, and you have to build the same amount of new fossil fueled plants in order to compensate when the wind is not blowing. New fossil fueled plants are going to get used, investments is going to be repaid, and political influence fill make sure that they continue to operate.

> What matters is the total CO2 released,

If people really thought so they would look at the electricitymap and look which countries does exactly that. Who has the lowest total CO2? The answer: those that can produce a constant base load without releasing CO2. Hydro or nuclear. Those that have invested most in renewable are not the ones with lowest total CO2.

Re: Rolls-Royce plans mini nuclear reactors by 2029

#328

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I find that to be an incredibly naive statement to any student of mass production. It's not like they won't be tested on a small scale before they start pumping them out. Sure there is a minute chance but this is just fear mongering.

I'll just point out that auto makers who manufacture in the 100's of millions of units often have mandatory, stop-use, stop-sales recalls on their products 5-10 years after sale. What you are asserting isn't the reality of mass production as experienced by industrial society so far.

Two scenarios:

1. A flaw is found in a standardized design impacting hundreds of units. Engineers identity a fix, and technicians receive training on how to apply the fix. They apply the fix to hundreds of units in a standardized and repeatable fashion. If the flaw is catastrophic, chances are this will prevent hundreds of catastrophes.

2. You have an industry producing hundreds of bespoke designs. Each time a flaw is found, engineers work to devise a solution, and technicians repair the flaw on an ad-hoc basis. The industry is competitive, so potential learning surrounding individual flaws does not propagate quickly. Each catastrophic flaw is a new catastrophe, endangering many lives.

Funny thing about auto makers manufacturing 100s of millions of units: they're still hugely profitable and despite the risk of mass recalls, bespoke designs are practically unheard of.

Re: Rolls-Royce plans mini nuclear reactors by 2029

#329
post #96

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Sure it would. Couple it with a lion - battery as a buffer. A tiny pellet gives 60 watts of heat. A heat cycle engine could recover maybe 10 watts of that. Put 500 pellets in there and you could get 5kw or so electric charge, all the time. Of course the pellets are insanely toxic in just about every way.

The problem with the related 25 KW of 24x7 waste heat is that'll eventually melt the very heavy several inches of lead unless very carefully cooled or distributed. Even 20 watts will eventually melt small quantities of metal, think of every soldering iron. The authorities are not going to approve a reactor that melts its own armor if someone accidentally throws a quilt on top or equivalent. So most designs do some ki…

> I'm not sure, on a daily basis, what you'd do with 125 kilowatt-hours of car charge anyway. A gallon of gas is about 25 KW-hr (to one sig fig) so that's five gallons of gas. That would be 150 miles of driving per day, around here that would be something like 3 to 5 hours of driving per day, which sounds like a horrible way to live

I’d have my car mine bitcoin when it’s not being used :)

Re: Rolls-Royce plans mini nuclear reactors by 2029

#330
post #314
post #205

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Do you have any sources for your claim of batteries multiplying the cost for renewables by "5, 10 or more" in a realistic grid scenario? Did you take into account that most energy storage is done with hydro, not batteries? I haven't had time to carefully review the literature, but there seem to be quite a few papers that claim that storage for a 100% renewable grid would not be such a big issue.

I like that people downvote without providing any argument, any numbers or any source. Slow clap. Enjoy your blackouts.

Can you please read https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html and stick to the rules when posting here? They explicitly ask you not to go on about downvoting like this.

In addition to being tedious and doing no good, such comments often end up being false, once users come along and (as they typically do) give corrective upvotes to the unfairly-downvoted comment. Unfortunately, posts like yours here don't then garbage-collect themselves—they stick around, adding noise to the thread. That's one reason we ask people not to post them.

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