Earlier quoted context omitted.
The core of make is really just a control flow model that understands file dependencies as a first class thing, and permits arbitrary user supplied actions to be specified to update those files. All those default rules around how to handle C files are really more like a standard library and can be easily overridden as desired. IMHO what makes it annoying for projects other than C or C++ is that there isn't an equival…
The thing about Java is that it has its own dependency system embedded in the compiler. This design decision made it difficult to integrate with a tool like make.
I feel like this choice has more to do with early java culture and/or constraints as compared to unix/linux. With "the unix way" it is really common to solve a problem by writing two separate programs that are loosely coupled by a simple text based file format. When done well, this approach has a lot of the benefits of well done microservices-style applications built today. By contrast, (and probably for a variety of reasons) this approach was always very rare in early java days. It seemed for a while like the norm was to rewrite everything in java and run it all in one giant JVM in order to avoid JVM startup overhead. ;-) The upshot being you often ended up with a lot more monolithic/tightly coupled designs in Java. (I think this is less true about Java today.)