How much research is a startup expected to do? Isn’t the point of a startup to accelerate productizing research? Unless they are multi billion dollar “startups” do we even expect any research out of them?
Academia has the incentive to publish because it's judged and funded on that metric.
Private enterprises do not have the same incentive, they are judged by the money they make, which depends on the products they create, which depends on having a technological edge over the competition in many fields.
Without those incentives, there would be no reason to invest and take risks in private research.
Thus, I'm not really understanding what is this discussion about, when this is the reality of every field.
Of course if you don't publish and don't patent there are also incentives for competitors to produce the same results and products, but that's part of the game.
It's really a system that works for everyone and protects and incentivizes investment. AI or pharma or polymers or engines, research requires funding, and funding wants mechanisms of returning money to investors, which obviously clashes with doing the work and publishing the results for free.