Live data from Hacker News

Pfizer ended up passing on my GLP-1 work back in the early '90s (2024)

statnews.com

31–40 of 54 posts

Re: Pfizer ended up passing on my GLP-1 work back in the early '90s (2024)

#31
post #14

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Self-injecting feels like a scary, painful, dangerous procedure and becomes completely boring by the third repetition.

Isn't there some long term harm to the skin if you do this often?

Insulin users would have better answers to this question, since they might inject multiple times a day, whereas GLP-1 users typically inject only weekly.

But in either case, the answer for subcutaneous injections using needles sized 29g and smaller is no.

Re: Pfizer ended up passing on my GLP-1 work back in the early '90s (2024)

#32
post #11

Earlier quoted context omitted.

FWIW, Novo Nordisk also tried to kill their GLP-1 effort several times according to the project lead, Lotte Bjerre Knudsen: https://archive.is/oLnBl In large organizations, I guess a big chunk of success comes from being able to navigate all these political ups and downs.

I wonder how many other great medical innovations have disappeared because of such bureaucracy.

Bureaucracy? This is the same type of go/no-go decision that R&D orgs have to make with incomplete information and immense costs every day. But with less complete information (no in-human data → 70-90% failure rate) and more immense costs (a couple hundred million dollars to get it through trials).

The problem is the cost and risk profile of drug development. With those parameters where they are, there will be countless "bureaucratic errors" of foregone opportunities, most of which we'll never even learn about.

Re: Pfizer ended up passing on my GLP-1 work back in the early '90s (2024)

#33

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> An injection to cure obesity is a small price to ask, as any person that has been obese will tell you. They could have determined this from a simple survey. You're missing the primary point: GLP-1 was investigated as another me-too diabetes drug, for which there were many injectable drugs available. It wasn't until much much later that it was discovered to be an obesity drug. It was a completely coincidental and ac…

"It wasn't until much much later that it was discovered to be an obesity drug. It was a completely coincidental and accidental discovery." Define "much much later" It was known by the early 1990s that GLP-1 slowed stomach emptying, with a key study in 1993 demonstrating its effects on gastrointestinal functions like gastric emptying, leading to longer feelings of fullness, which is the central mechanism at work here.…

This story is about Pfizer stopping funding in 1991, and I guess that 1993 is not really "much much later"! However a single paper in 1993, had it been three years earlier, may not have been enough to keep a research program alive, especially if the funders were primarily interested in diabetes and funded for diabetes.

Every major discovery in biology looks like GLP-1: apparently locking in finding a new class of targets and or therapies. It's very easy to string together promising theories from sets of papers, but far harder to establish them with hard data tha comes at the cost of actual humans using the potential drug in trials.

I'm told that one of the very few parts of the stock market where subject matter experts can generate alpha is in biotech, by following the data of small biotech closely. However the fortunes of individuals and the market as a whole is largely downstream of larger macroeconomic forces, such as Fed interest rate changes, that determine the level of investment in new high risk economic activity versus keeping money in bonds.

Re: Pfizer ended up passing on my GLP-1 work back in the early '90s (2024)

#34
post #31
post #14

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Isn't there some long term harm to the skin if you do this often?

Insulin users would have better answers to this question, since they might inject multiple times a day, whereas GLP-1 users typically inject only weekly. But in either case, the answer for subcutaneous injections using needles sized 29g and smaller is no.

Injection drug user here. We're advised to rotate injection sites but the largest issue is actually the insulin (most of it diffuses into the bloodstream but there is a local effect, usually taking the form of increased fat accumulation at sites of repeated injection), not the "making holes in the skin" part.

I don't know the pharmacokinetics of GLP-1 drugs but my guess is that they don't have the same sort of effects on SC tissue?

Before I had a CGM I did somewhere around 20,000 blood glucose tests over the course of a decade using about 1 cm^2 of forearm and the skin there is clearly not in great shape -- but it's worsened on the level of "looks like the skin of someone who is a decade older or spent too long in the sun" rather than anything medically problematic.

Re: Pfizer ended up passing on my GLP-1 work back in the early '90s (2024)

#35
post #31

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Insulin users would have better answers to this question, since they might inject multiple times a day, whereas GLP-1 users typically inject only weekly. But in either case, the answer for subcutaneous injections using needles sized 29g and smaller is no.

Injection drug user here. We're advised to rotate injection sites but the largest issue is actually the insulin (most of it diffuses into the bloodstream but there is a local effect, usually taking the form of increased fat accumulation at sites of repeated injection), not the "making holes in the skin" part. I don't know the pharmacokinetics of GLP-1 drugs but my guess is that they don't have the same sort of effect…

> I don't know the pharmacokinetics of GLP-1 drugs but my guess is that they don't have the same sort of effects on SC tissue?

They do, but nothing like insulin does. GLP-1 drugs are more centrally and viscerally active than subcutaneously active, so the effects locally are more related to the physics of injecting solutions subcutaneously than the drugs themselves. They're also much smaller doses than are needed for insulin in general, so the volume averaged over a week is pretty tiny.

Also, as a result of the relative lack of local activity, injection sites are basically unlimited (anywhere from above the knee to above the elbow, except the neck) without fear of lipohypertrophy in the local area.

Re: Pfizer ended up passing on my GLP-1 work back in the early '90s (2024)

#36

This is subscriber-walled, but the full article is available here: https://web.archive.org/web/20240909093450/https://www.statn... The key reason Pfizer passed was that executives didn't think patients would accept a new therapy that required injection to administer: Despite our emerging results, the Pfizer executives in charge of research and external alliances told us the company did not want to develop a new diabe…

Self-injecting feels like a scary, painful, dangerous procedure and becomes completely boring by the third repetition.

Type 1 insulin user. One the alcohol should dry before the needle goes in. Two faster is better, within reason. Three about one in a few hundred shots hits a nerve bundle. That really hurts, but resolves after a short while. Both insulin and these GLP-1 injections are subcutaneous not intravenous which once a patient gets the skill it becomes like riding a bike, in that it becomes easier than imagined.

Re: Pfizer ended up passing on my GLP-1 work back in the early '90s (2024)

#37
post #14

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Self-injecting feels like a scary, painful, dangerous procedure and becomes completely boring by the third repetition.

Isn't there some long term harm to the skin if you do this often?

No. So long as you rotate your injection site. My son is T1 and before his pump was getting 4-6 injections a day.

Re: Pfizer ended up passing on my GLP-1 work back in the early '90s (2024)

#39
post #12

Incredibly bothersome that these executives can rise so high and get paid so much despite having such terrible decisionmaking skills. An injection to cure obesity is a small price to ask, as any person that has been obese will tell you. They could have determined this from a simple survey. What was the human cost of their decision? Maybe an entire delayed decade of progress? How many people died, that could have been…

> An injection to cure obesity is a small price to ask, as any person that has been obese will tell you. They could have determined this from a simple survey. You're missing the primary point: GLP-1 was investigated as another me-too diabetes drug, for which there were many injectable drugs available. It wasn't until much much later that it was discovered to be an obesity drug. It was a completely coincidental and ac…

You should always distrust politicians on science issues. Even if they come from a science background. Being a successful politician is orthogonal to being a brilliant scientist.

Re: Pfizer ended up passing on my GLP-1 work back in the early '90s (2024)

#40
post #8
post #4

Nice. This tells me that research on the drug is old and that increases security on its use.

It's so old, the patent is nearing expiration.

The first generation of GLP-1 agonists are out of patent protection. Teva is producing a generic liraglutide (aka Victoza / Saxenda). Ozempic (semiglutide) and Mounjaro (tirzepatide) have protection until after 2031 in the US, I think it's less in other countries.
Post reply on HN