Live data from Hacker News

Phantom forests: Ambitious tree planting projects are failing

e360.yale.edu

31–40 of 139 posts

Re: Phantom forests: Ambitious tree planting projects are failing

#31
As the article points out, the problem is our obsession with "trees planted" instead of "trees survived" after n years (n=20? not sure, but at least 10).

It's a reason why those "we plant a tree every time you buy X" marketing claims are mostly BS.

Re: Phantom forests: Ambitious tree planting projects are failing

#32

Much of the Earth's surface is not suitable for growing trees, either because it's too dry, to wet, to cold, poor soil or lack of soil, etc. The article gives examples of planting in places where trees don't typically grow, on coastlines and in deserts, so it's not at all surprising that the trees planted there died. This is why I've always been skeptical of tree planting initiatives. In areas where they can survive,…

Some would argue that where conditions for trees aren't suitable, the solution is to build a forest there. Forests themselves are the best terraforming tool, if you can get them started by supplying the necessary nutrients, energy, and water.

I don't know how feasible it is, but using trees to transform parched landscapes is the mission of a company I interviewed at a while back called Terraformation, founded by the former CEO of Reddit.

Re: Phantom forests: Ambitious tree planting projects are failing

#33
post #10

Monocultures of any kind are always fragile, you need diversity to have a resilient ecosystem. These projects should benefit from an understanding of permaculture, which is a discipline that aims to create the right conditions for healthy systems. Everything from succession (pioneer leguminous species that can fix nitrogen and improve soil, slowly replaced by other species), trying to slow down and catch water where…

Would it really be so hard to plant a mix of seeds? I can see a monoculture if the intention is to harvest the wood or fruit later, but if you're only planting to capture carbon or restore a forest then a mix of trees seems like a healthier option and shouldn't be any more effort. You don't need to be precise with the mix either, a just random chance should be fine.

Re: Phantom forests: Ambitious tree planting projects are failing

#34

and what about grasslands? these projects will sometimes plant forests that were historically savanna and grasslands

This may be unpopular on HN, but that's what Allan Savory has advocated for, along with rotational (holistic in his words) grazing of ruminants.

Re: Phantom forests: Ambitious tree planting projects are failing

#35
post #21

Earlier quoted context omitted.

yes, LA has a program to give away trees for planting in yards and parkways, and my read of the program is that, while it's goal is laudable, the implementation is lacking. earlier this year, a partner non-profit planted 2 trees for us and i planted an additional 2 trees that another org gave us, and i learned that it's not a set-it-and-forget-it type of endeavor. walking around my neighborhood, many of these trees,…

Also, even native plants aren’t adapted to what many people consider ‘native soil’ - if there is no existing native vegetation, the soil itself is far different from what a typical seed would deal with from that same plant natively. And when you think about it, it’s normal - you’d never end up with a giant 100% consistent group of plants in a native area anyway. You’d have variable concentrations all over the place,…

Also, even in nature most saplings don't make it. It's easy to forget that trees release hundreds or thousands of seeds every year and only a small handful will even germinate, and few of those will make it to maturity. Most every plant takes a quantity over quality approach. Exceptions may include stonefruit trees, but even those produce a lot of fruit, but only dozens instead of thousands.

Re: Phantom forests: Ambitious tree planting projects are failing

#36
post #26

The Miyawaki method [1], which I'm sure has been on HN before, is a very different approach to these projects. When I first read about it, it seemed like a kind of too-good-to-be-true miracle approach, but reading further it's really just a lot of hard work. Site preparation is a huge part of it. This photo gallery [2] gives some sense. It starts with soil testing and soil amendment, I doubt they ever consider the so…

> I do wonder what tools could support this kind of higher-effort higher-impact forestation What's neat is that the tools already exist. Much of modern farming is a data problem- knowing soil conditions and nutrient levels across a large area and which plants would work best where. They often make use of satellite data, watershed simulation, weather and climate models. I wonder if anyone has documented using those to…

Ceres is one that I know about: https://www.ceresimaging.net/customer-stories

Re: Phantom forests: Ambitious tree planting projects are failing

#37

As the article points out, the problem is our obsession with "trees planted" instead of "trees survived" after n years (n=20? not sure, but at least 10). It's a reason why those "we plant a tree every time you buy X" marketing claims are mostly BS.

It's more than that. Even if planting gigantic monoculture "works" it's not exactly a healthy forest. Ignoring what the locals need/want will also just bring it to status quo sooner than later.

Re: Phantom forests: Ambitious tree planting projects are failing

#38
post #32

Much of the Earth's surface is not suitable for growing trees, either because it's too dry, to wet, to cold, poor soil or lack of soil, etc. The article gives examples of planting in places where trees don't typically grow, on coastlines and in deserts, so it's not at all surprising that the trees planted there died. This is why I've always been skeptical of tree planting initiatives. In areas where they can survive,…

Some would argue that where conditions for trees aren't suitable, the solution is to build a forest there. Forests themselves are the best terraforming tool, if you can get them started by supplying the necessary nutrients, energy, and water. I don't know how feasible it is, but using trees to transform parched landscapes is the mission of a company I interviewed at a while back called Terraformation, founded by the…

The caveat with this is the forests can do ok for awhile, but then a dry spell will hit and it tends to burn down.

Re: Phantom forests: Ambitious tree planting projects are failing

#39
post #30

The problem is with the incentives. We reward organizations for planting trees when we should be rewarding them for growing trees. Anecdotally, paper mills don't seem to have a problem successfully growing monocrop forests on their own properties because they actually have a reason to care about the success of replanting their own land.

I have plenty of incentive to keep the trees in my own yard from dying, yet I lack the expertise. So they die. I need an arborist. Unfortunately the arborists in my town are incentivized to get me to pay their company to cut my trees down and replace them with new ones every 10-15 years or so. We really just need more foresters, with a broader mission that extends beyond simply government-owned park land, who can hel…

Can you expand on your arborist conflict of interest. Are they all dishonest or can you simply ask what the expected lifetime of the tree would be?

Re: Phantom forests: Ambitious tree planting projects are failing

#40
post #21

Earlier quoted context omitted.

yes, LA has a program to give away trees for planting in yards and parkways, and my read of the program is that, while it's goal is laudable, the implementation is lacking. earlier this year, a partner non-profit planted 2 trees for us and i planted an additional 2 trees that another org gave us, and i learned that it's not a set-it-and-forget-it type of endeavor. walking around my neighborhood, many of these trees,…

Also, even native plants aren’t adapted to what many people consider ‘native soil’ - if there is no existing native vegetation, the soil itself is far different from what a typical seed would deal with from that same plant natively. And when you think about it, it’s normal - you’d never end up with a giant 100% consistent group of plants in a native area anyway. You’d have variable concentrations all over the place,…

yah, good soil is an ecosystem of living things, not an inert medium. urban soil tends to be more depleted and polluted than average, so needs even more attention to get trees to grow. i'm not really a gardener type, but i do love me some trees and shade!
Post reply on HN