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Semiconductors are more than just processors and GPUs

blog.robertelder.org

31–40 of 92 posts

Re: Semiconductors are more than just processors and GPUs

#31
post #29

I spent most of the day yesterday chasing down crosses for P-Channel FETs. They are all GONE. No stock of anything (except the crappy ones, super-tiny packages, high Vgs(th) or high Rds(on) and other leftovers). I've never seen anything like this, it's kind of frightening. Like walking into a grocery store and seeing the aisles all EMPTY except for a few scraps. I don't even know where they all went. It's not like yo…

ive been trying to find some power mosfets to certain specs for a BOM for.. over a year!

Re: Semiconductors are more than just processors and GPUs

#32
CPUs and GPUs account for more dollars spent than solar cells, but solar cells account for most area/mass of semiconductor devices made today.

A gigawatt of solar cells represents about 5 square kilometers of silicon wafers at 20% light conversion efficiency. The world installed 183 gigawatts of solar PV in 2021, almost all of it based on silicon wafers:

https://www.pv-magazine.com/2022/02/01/bloombergnef-says-glo...

That's in the neighborhood of 915 square kilometers of wafers.

Silicon for solar has risen meteorically over the past 20 years.

https://www.pv-magazine.com/2021/10/26/whats-next-for-polysi...

Until the early 2000s, demand for polysilicon (often simply referred to as “poly”) was dominated by the semiconductor industry, which required a fairly steady 20,000 to 25,000 metric tons (MT) per year. But semiconductor demand for poly was quickly outpaced by PV as the solar industry began to grow rapidly, from a rounding error at the turn of the millennium to almost half of global polysilicon demand by the middle of the decade.

...

By the end of 2013, the manufacturing cost of polysilicon had tumbled to below $20/kg among industry leaders. Meanwhile, capacity had grown from less than 50,000 MT per year in 2007 to over 350,000 MT per year by 2013.

Polysilicon capacity at the end of 2021 was in the neighborhood of 700,000 metric tons, with more big expansions on the way. The extra 350,000 metric tons added since 2013 is almost entirely for solar.

Re: Semiconductors are more than just processors and GPUs

#33
post #29

I spent most of the day yesterday chasing down crosses for P-Channel FETs. They are all GONE. No stock of anything (except the crappy ones, super-tiny packages, high Vgs(th) or high Rds(on) and other leftovers). I've never seen anything like this, it's kind of frightening. Like walking into a grocery store and seeing the aisles all EMPTY except for a few scraps. I don't even know where they all went. It's not like yo…

It's not TSMC capacity that's the problem. It's the large nodes that make everything except cutting-edge processors. Nobody builds a new large-node fab, but demand for large node components keeps rising.

Re: Semiconductors are more than just processors and GPUs

#34
post #29

I spent most of the day yesterday chasing down crosses for P-Channel FETs. They are all GONE. No stock of anything (except the crappy ones, super-tiny packages, high Vgs(th) or high Rds(on) and other leftovers). I've never seen anything like this, it's kind of frightening. Like walking into a grocery store and seeing the aisles all EMPTY except for a few scraps. I don't even know where they all went. It's not like yo…

Switched-mode power supplies (SMPS) are eating components at an alarming rate. The increase in high-efficiency DC and battery-powered products has really changed that market.

Re: Semiconductors are more than just processors and GPUs

#35
post #20

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Many electronics work that way. Motors can also generate electricity. Inductors can create or sense magnetic fields. Resistance is generally temperature dependent. Etc.

You can use headphones as a microphone, or a (dynamic) microphone as a loudspeaker.

This is my favorite one. Being on stage and hearing music come out of your mic is a hell of a trip.

Re: Semiconductors are more than just processors and GPUs

#36
post #29

I spent most of the day yesterday chasing down crosses for P-Channel FETs. They are all GONE. No stock of anything (except the crappy ones, super-tiny packages, high Vgs(th) or high Rds(on) and other leftovers). I've never seen anything like this, it's kind of frightening. Like walking into a grocery store and seeing the aisles all EMPTY except for a few scraps. I don't even know where they all went. It's not like yo…

It's my current living nightmare. Endless treadmill of:

1. Our contract manufacturer calls in a panic no longer able to obtain/was shorted on a shipment of part XYZ. XYZ is increasingly becoming random "jellybean" parts like MOSFETS, oscillators, to slightly-more-complicated but not "fancy" stuff like serial transceivers, USB stuff, NOR flash, load switches. TI is the bane of my existence currently.

2. Search for a drop-in or near drop-in replacement. There are none, because that's what everyone's doing.

3. Search for alternative designs. Maybe the component is in distributor's stock (Digikey, Mouser, Newark, etc), maybe it's not.

4. Test the alternative design. By the time I receive parts, prototype, test, guess what? Can't get those parts anymore. Go back to step #2.

5. Fall behind on all of my other NPD responsibilities. Stress, burnout, acceptance. Lament not going into another engineering field. Feel bad about my midwest metro area compensation in comparison to a bunch of Silicon Valley SWEs on website.

6. GOTO #1

Re: Semiconductors are more than just processors and GPUs

#37
post #2

Fun fact: Solar cells and the LEDs are the same element. If you wire up a solar cell like an LED, it glows dimly in infrared. QA uses this to diagnose dysfunctional wafers.

Yep! This is why solar panels typically have another diode wired in series with them, so they don't draw/waste power and emit light at night! In the solar world they call it a blocking diode.

No, there is no series diode. There is an antiparallel diode to prevent solar cells from turning current into heat when they are shadowed.

Re: Semiconductors are more than just processors and GPUs

#38
post #29

I spent most of the day yesterday chasing down crosses for P-Channel FETs. They are all GONE. No stock of anything (except the crappy ones, super-tiny packages, high Vgs(th) or high Rds(on) and other leftovers). I've never seen anything like this, it's kind of frightening. Like walking into a grocery store and seeing the aisles all EMPTY except for a few scraps. I don't even know where they all went. It's not like yo…

It's my current living nightmare. Endless treadmill of: 1. Our contract manufacturer calls in a panic no longer able to obtain/was shorted on a shipment of part XYZ. XYZ is increasingly becoming random "jellybean" parts like MOSFETS, oscillators, to slightly-more-complicated but not "fancy" stuff like serial transceivers, USB stuff, NOR flash, load switches. TI is the bane of my existence currently. 2. Search for a d…

> increasingly becoming random "jellybean" parts

I can't even get cables anymore. Or connectors. It's an insane situation, and the company I work for isn't built to manage this level of churn in our products. How do you support customers when equipment BOMs change every week? We just can't keep up.

Re: Semiconductors are more than just processors and GPUs

#39

Good overview, but he's missing one of the coolest applications of semiconductor / photolithography. MEMS. Micro-electromagnetic systems. The most common MEMS I can think of is the comb sensor, used for accelerometers in all of your cell phones. https://www.memsjournal.com/2010/12/motion-sensing-in-the-ip... The MEMS sensor for an accelerometer is quite simple. Take the nearest comb and smack it against a desk: you'l…

Here's a cool, pretty in depth 15 minutes video on MEMS:

https://youtu.be/iPGpoUN29zk

Re: Semiconductors are more than just processors and GPUs

#40
post #20

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Many electronics work that way. Motors can also generate electricity. Inductors can create or sense magnetic fields. Resistance is generally temperature dependent. Etc.

Everything is as temperature sensor. Some elements also measure other signals.

Just made be realize, when you cook, the food is basically a temperature sensor. (Burnt) Toast is a great example.
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