counterfeit /= fake. A fake chip is a chip that isn't physically what it claims to be. It will not work properly. A counterfeit chip is one that was not made under appropriate licenses. It might be exactly the same as the legit chips. It might even come from the same factory line that makes the legit chips and have been tested right alongside legit chips. The only difference between a counterfeit and legit chip can b…
Or that third-shift might, although using the same tooling and having access to IP and processes, cut corners on sourcing or QA.
Or it might use the exact same everything, but skimp on the QA testing and culling.
Or (not third-shift) it might be from a genuine run, but have failed QA.
That's mostly just third-shift. The problems can get worse from there, even if the product at least initially appears to do the job it's supposed to do.