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We Made One Gram Of Remdesivir

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31–40 of 236 posts

Re: We Made One Gram Of Remdesivir

#31
post #19

Although very interesting, this article isn't a great introduction because a critical part of the picture is missing - the availability of the inputs. Sticking to simple stuff; mines produce iron at a rate measured in thousand-tonnes per hour with yields of potentially sub-30% compared to volume of earth moved. Ammonia and many acids are presumably measured in tonnes or kilograms produced per day. Low yields make the…

Low yields make the process-oriented sad, but what matters is absolute ability to produce; not yield

That would be true if reagents, labour and plant equipment were free, but unfortunately they are not. Consequently you have these strange creatures called process chemists who shave steps of the discovery synthesis, increase the yield, and get around difficult reactions. It's really quite magical.

When it comes to bulk chemicals like vinyl acetate (produced at scales of kiloton per day) another consideration is waste. It cuts into profit twice: you lose product and you pay for disposal.

Re: We Made One Gram Of Remdesivir

#32
post #22

Remdesivir is an analog of adenosine, one of the four building blocks of RNA. Just look at the main structure and you'll agree they look similar. It turns out the mechanism of action of this drug is that it's supposed to be confused with adenosine, so that the viral RNA replication process uses remdesivir instead of adenosine, which later breaks the RNA†. Our body, or really, all biological processes can synthesize i…

>> look at the main structure and you'll agree

I don't know much about RNA, but this sentence is pure bs. How would I know where to look in RNA sequences?

Re: We Made One Gram Of Remdesivir

#34
In my former life I was a graduate organic chemist, but I “quit” with a Masters. I loved Synthetic Chemistry as an undergrad and thought I wanted a PhD in. There were three lousy things (for me) about the career that made me bail.

1). So many syntheses have horrible yields just like this one. You’d start with grams of material to end up with micrograms. I loved solving these problems as an undergrad in books, but reality was far different. You don’t think much about side products until you start doing novel chemistry.

2). So much trial and error. There were happy go lucky chemists that fell into projects that were smooth as butter, while brilliant chemists would toil 12 hour days to try and something to write up as a thesis. I was neither brilliant nor lucky and took 4 different projects over two years before finally landing on something marginally MS worthy. They need a journal of failed chemistry because only the working stuff gets published. So many failures could be logged so I didn’t waste my time doing non-working or poor yielding reactions.

3). Suspicious results in journals. I would read about a reaction and someone would put a 75% yield as their result and I could barely get 20. I always thought I was just bad, but a really smart chemist challenged me one day and tried to do it himself and couldn’t do much better. He tried it 30 different ways over the year as he did other stuff. He never could get a good yield. We talked to our advisor and we wanted to challenge the result, but the advisor didn’t want to start trouble. It was past the time I decided to leave with a masters, but made me feel a little better about my lousy abilities. No one could ever possibly doublecheck every result from every publication anyways.

All this said, there are some brilliant and patient scientists out there that drive the field forward. Just a few rough around the edge items I’d love to see change.

Re: We Made One Gram Of Remdesivir

#35
post #22

Remdesivir is an analog of adenosine, one of the four building blocks of RNA. Just look at the main structure and you'll agree they look similar. It turns out the mechanism of action of this drug is that it's supposed to be confused with adenosine, so that the viral RNA replication process uses remdesivir instead of adenosine, which later breaks the RNA†. Our body, or really, all biological processes can synthesize i…

>> look at the main structure and you'll agree I don't know much about RNA, but this sentence is pure bs. How would I know where to look in RNA sequences?

I think he means look in the structure of the adenosine molecule, not the structure of the virus's RNA.

Re: We Made One Gram Of Remdesivir

#36
I've never learned a bit of Chemistry. I assume there are formulas to determine how substrates and reagents will react with each other? And the process chemists understand these formulas better than most?

Apologies for the assumptions in these question, but are there many reactions in organic chemistry that are completely unknown?

This actually seems pretty fun. I'd love to have a reason to study it and a means to do something with my studies.

Re: We Made One Gram Of Remdesivir

#38
post #22

Remdesivir is an analog of adenosine, one of the four building blocks of RNA. Just look at the main structure and you'll agree they look similar. It turns out the mechanism of action of this drug is that it's supposed to be confused with adenosine, so that the viral RNA replication process uses remdesivir instead of adenosine, which later breaks the RNA†. Our body, or really, all biological processes can synthesize i…

>> look at the main structure and you'll agree I don't know much about RNA, but this sentence is pure bs. How would I know where to look in RNA sequences?

Let’s call it the Ocean’s Eleven Phenomenon, the moment when two or more experts be like “See that? There.” “Yeah, Christ, that’s totally that” “yeah... 5 years old would notice” and you just stand in between dumbfounded

Re: We Made One Gram Of Remdesivir

#39

One too many zeroes here: 0.25 x 0.58 x 0.74 x 0.21 x 0.23 = .005 (0.05%) The 0.005 seems to be correct, so that should be 0.5%. The rest of the article also uses "0.5%" correctly.

It’s a running joke between my readers and me. EVERY SINGLE TIME I have done even the simplest of math (n= more than 20) I’ve screwed it up and been corrected by a reader. I don’t know how I made it out of high school.

Re: We Made One Gram Of Remdesivir

#40
post #22

Remdesivir is an analog of adenosine, one of the four building blocks of RNA. Just look at the main structure and you'll agree they look similar. It turns out the mechanism of action of this drug is that it's supposed to be confused with adenosine, so that the viral RNA replication process uses remdesivir instead of adenosine, which later breaks the RNA†. Our body, or really, all biological processes can synthesize i…

>> look at the main structure and you'll agree I don't know much about RNA, but this sentence is pure bs. How would I know where to look in RNA sequences?

Well you can look at the structures on Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Adenosin.svg and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Remdesivir.svg

See how both of them have a ribose ring? And then the functional group attached to be 1' carbon, that's also similar to adenine.

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