There is more complexity in this.
Proximate Issues
The app makers cannot easily prevent the crash since it is happening in Facebook provided code. Perhaps the only thing they could do is to code in kill switches. Another possibility would be to modify the Facebook code. That introduces maintainability issues.
The crash happened because of a server side change that triggered roughly the Objective-C equivalent of a null pointer exception.
Objective-C is an old unsafe language.
Ultimate Issues
Client-side libraries have a poor history in the industry. They are often written by server engineers who aren’t expert on the platform.
For instance, if it was really a static load method that called the server, then this was a poor design decision.
Furthermore, weaker server engineers are notorious for breaking backward compatibility. They don’t design nor build in tests to ensure backward compatibility. The backward compatibility must include backward data compatibility.
The above issues are indicative of organizational issues.
Facebook is a little bit of an outlier. It was notorious for badly written client libraries stretching back to the Facebook platform days. The joke was that their libraries may have been written by interns even though so many companies were dependent on them.
The Facebook libraries and the ilk are used for sign on through Facebook and ad attribution. The trade off an app maker needs to make it a whether to run ads on Facebook and whether to support sign in.
Facebook is not the only big company with these issues. Google’s equivalent also crashed albeit at a much lower rate due to a much more convoluted issue.
Apple introduced the Swift programming language to address the deficiencies in Objective-C. That these companies are running into these issues makes me wonder if they never transitioned to Swift. They are certainly way behind the latest version of the libraries.
To summarize, it is a cascade of issues some technical and some organizational rather than a single coding error. These issues span companies.