You need an attitude readjustment. Your problem isn't the bad review; it's that you care what some big co apparatchik thinks about your work. What qualifications did your boss have to evaluate your work, other than his position assigned to him by fiat?
Being a successful middle manager in a large corp entails smiling when you're expected to smile, feigning frustration when you're expected to feign frustration, showing up to the meetings you're expected to show up to, and writing the documents you're expected to write. Your problem is that you think of them as people. They may be people outside of work, but at work they're a neural net that simulates the averaged behavior of other middle managers in the corp, and then tweaks it to locally optimize their own comp. That has fuck all to do with your programming ability.
It's of course possible that you suck. In fact, it's likely, because most people suck-- excellence is the exception, not the norm. But judging your own programming ability by a column in some HR database that your NPC manager filled in? That's bonkers, man. That feedback is at best a very weak signal for it. More likely you can disregard it altogether, but that's somewhat dependent on the situation. (It is, however, a very strong signal that you're low on the corporate totem pole and can be dispensed with with little risk to the manager in question)
The proper response to a new manager assessing your performance (regardless of whether the assessment is positive or negative) is "umm, and who are you?" Don't say that out loud, but that's roughly what you ought to be thinking.