Earlier quoted context omitted.
The so-called "Unix spirit" is itself a rather hilarious mistake from the early days of software engineering, when programmers knew essentially nothing about human/computer interaction and foolishly believed that "efficiency" in a mathematical sense translates to efficient workflows. It took many decades of trial and error to overcome this dogma, but today's productivity software all features a massive amount of func…
Integration does not presuppose hard coupling. Different components can integrate and coordinate through standards. I would argue that having one big app is the one of the worst methods of integration.
We've tried that and for the most part, it doesn't actually work in practice. Hell, it doesn't even work between standard Unix programs. They don't "integrate and coordinate" at all. They just push unstructured text around, and in some cases that's sufficient to perform some very basic compound tasks.
There is an upcoming project though that tries to make Unix pipelines work the way they are supposed to: Nushell[1]. It has real composability with strongly typed data that flows between commands.
Guess how they're doing it? Yup, that's right: They're building it all as a monolithic system where the entire pipeline is supervised and interpreted by the shell. Unix is too fragmented and standards are too difficult to develop and implement for any other approach to be realistically feasible. "Small programs" are an evolutionary dead end.