Earlier quoted context omitted.
They did upload the wrong model but as of the time of writing they have not fixed it. Right now, 12 hours after they took the old one down, there is simply no model present in their huggingface repo.
I guess they will upload it later, it seems like an honest mistake to me. Anyways SwiTransformer paper looks interesting and doing a post training to optimize for it looks interesting as well.
Rio de Janeiro's "homegrown" LLM appears to be a merge of an existing model
241–250 of 261 posts
Re: Rio de Janeiro's "homegrown" LLM appears to be a merge of an existing model
#242Earlier quoted context omitted.
This is very misleading. My salary in Brazil is on the very top end (with most of my income in the 27.5% bracket), and my average effective income tax rate in the last 5 years has been about 16%. I'm not doing anything creative accounting-wise, I just max out my contributions to retirement accounts (PGBL) and get the correct tax deductions for all medical and education expenses. We do have high import tariffs for ind…
> This is very misleading. It's your comment that's misleading. I was trying to account for the numberless taxes that exist and get applied to every single transaction. You zeroed in on income taxes then stacked some deductions on top. > tax deductions Discounting deductions from the nominal tax rate doesn't change the fact those taxes are high, nor does it change the fact you max out your tax bracket at middle class…
You're the one that brought up a comically inflated 70% number as if it were realistic. You can't act as if the nominal rate is the effective rate, then complain when I bring up numbers based on the effective rate.
> If you're using them, it means the state failed to provide you with proper education and health services, forcing you to spend money on things that are theoretically your constitutional rights.
No, it means I'm picky about my doctors. You seem to have ignored the tax-advantaged retirements accounts, though.
> These deductions aren't automatic either, you have to spend time and effort accounting for all of this so that you can make the government give back some of the money it took from you. Time is money, so this is just yet another stealthy tax.
You just need to ask for receipts and put them in a (digital) folder. Then you spend 5 minutes tops _per *year*_ reporting their sums on your tax forms. If that's not enough, most of the numbers are pre-filled for you, you just have to review it. And you can download past receipts from the federal government's website.
> I know for a fact that the US does, and european countries almost certainly do too. Accounting for these will probably only make Brazil look even worse by comparison.
Then do it. Tax legislation is very different across countries and even municipalities. Comparing nominal tax rates is completely meaningless. You need to compare the effective tax rate.
> If you want a computer that can properly run LLMs locally, you're going to be forced to shell out money in the 40-100kBRL range. Computers are in the same price range as cars now.
What part of that is due to an increase in taxes? Hardware prices have skyrocketed around the world due to limited supply. In fact, there's a record high number of computer hardware parts in the most recent list of products exempt of import taxes.
> If we keep up these nonsense taxes, AI will be just yet another area where Brazil is half a century behind.
Our government is doing exactly that. The latest project in discussion in the Senate will give import tax exemptions and export tax exemptions to data center projects that reserve 10% capacity to the national market, invest 2% locally in R&D, and use clean energy. I think these numbers are ridiculously small.
If we had lower import taxes on data center hardware, how else would the government negotiate with data center companies to reserve capacity for our national interests?
Finally, I think it's a bit silly to think that _you and me_ running agentic coding LLMs at home furthers national interests. It does not. It furthers our hobbies. It's not even the kind of hobby that gives you relevant career experience which then goes on to strengthen our industry.
> The same time period that birthed Lua, in fact.
Lua was created in 1993 in a lab doing research for Petrobrás. I happened to graduate from PUC-Rio, so I know this personally: the Computer Science labs are receiving much more funding nowadays than they did in 1993. They're still cranking out excellent research, and, if I may say so myself, excellent alumni as well.
> What have we been doing since then? Nothing.
- Our electronic voting system; - Pix, the largest and most popular payment network in the world; - Elixir, LangFlow, Neovim, just to name a few that you probably know about.
Re: Rio de Janeiro's "homegrown" LLM appears to be a merge of an existing model
#243Earlier quoted context omitted.
> extremely high taxes I always find this funny. Brazilian taxes are nowhere near what I would say “high”. I pay about twice as much out of my compensation as I would pay in Brazil, and that would be as if I did zero tax optimisation back then.
Import taxes in Brazil are 60%, plus something like 18% on top of the product, shipping and the aforementioned import taxes. The result is a nearly 100% tax on computers and consumer electronics. One for you, one for the government. And it's getting worse. Tariffs on computer hardware were raised only a few months ago.
The tariffs for commercial importations are much lower and depend on the part. For SSDs, for example, II is around 10%. With other fees and ICMS, you're looking at around +60% total. Still high, but not nearly as high.
But large businesses would rather really prefer if you continued to believe they pay +88% just like you. That way they get to point at the government while keeping their fat margins.
Re: Rio de Janeiro's "homegrown" LLM appears to be a merge of an existing model
#244Earlier quoted context omitted.
Sad to hear about that. Ireland is much better in that regard - you can pay for private healthcare and it'll provide you a broader network, but you might as well go for public health, where you'll be prioritized based on how life-threatening is your condition.
Yeah, I make it sound worse than it seems. The problem of the public insurance is that you pay based on your revenue instead of your actuarial risk, so in the end it should be treated as an extra form of revenue tax. I could go for the private insurance if I wanted to pay less, but then I'd have to switch my kids to the private insurer as well. All in all, my point was only that the amount of taxes that people pay an…
That's how public health works. It's the same as mortgage insurance in Brazil (where I come from), which is mandatory, and, since it's mandatory, it doesn't consider actuarial risk.
Re: Rio de Janeiro's "homegrown" LLM appears to be a merge of an existing model
#245Earlier quoted context omitted.
> extremely high taxes I always find this funny. Brazilian taxes are nowhere near what I would say “high”. I pay about twice as much out of my compensation as I would pay in Brazil, and that would be as if I did zero tax optimisation back then.
Import taxes in Brazil are 60%, plus something like 18% on top of the product, shipping and the aforementioned import taxes. The result is a nearly 100% tax on computers and consumer electronics. One for you, one for the government. And it's getting worse. Tariffs on computer hardware were raised only a few months ago.
Apart from that, this is something that affects the HN crowd and almost nobody else.
Re: Rio de Janeiro's "homegrown" LLM appears to be a merge of an existing model
#246Earlier quoted context omitted.
Import taxes in Brazil are 60%, plus something like 18% on top of the product, shipping and the aforementioned import taxes. The result is a nearly 100% tax on computers and consumer electronics. One for you, one for the government. And it's getting worse. Tariffs on computer hardware were raised only a few months ago.
60% (II) with 18% (ICMS) on top for a total of +88% are the import tariffs for individuals buying devices for personal use, and small businesses using simplified postal/courier regimes. The tariffs for commercial importations are much lower and depend on the part. For SSDs, for example, II is around 10%. With other fees and ICMS, you're looking at around +60% total. Still high, but not nearly as high. But large busin…
And, in the meantime, they help push for more "grift-friendly" politicians. For them, it's a win-win situation.
Re: Rio de Janeiro's "homegrown" LLM appears to be a merge of an existing model
#247Earlier quoted context omitted.
Yeah, I make it sound worse than it seems. The problem of the public insurance is that you pay based on your revenue instead of your actuarial risk, so in the end it should be treated as an extra form of revenue tax. I could go for the private insurance if I wanted to pay less, but then I'd have to switch my kids to the private insurer as well. All in all, my point was only that the amount of taxes that people pay an…
> you pay based on your revenue instead of your actuarial risk That's how public health works. It's the same as mortgage insurance in Brazil (where I come from), which is mandatory, and, since it's mandatory, it doesn't consider actuarial risk.
Re: Rio de Janeiro's "homegrown" LLM appears to be a merge of an existing model
#248Earlier quoted context omitted.
Not surprising. The point of my first sentence is; private individuals and small businesses generally pay their fair share. Larger corporations emphatically do not.
What's not surprising?. Larger corporations pay loads of tax. Shed loads. They pay all the employee and income tax, as well as corporation tax and their sales generate VAT. Small businesses are the ones most likely to have softer tax burdens due to progressive taxation.
Re: Rio de Janeiro's "homegrown" LLM appears to be a merge of an existing model
#249Earlier quoted context omitted.
What's not surprising?. Larger corporations pay loads of tax. Shed loads. They pay all the employee and income tax, as well as corporation tax and their sales generate VAT. Small businesses are the ones most likely to have softer tax burdens due to progressive taxation.
Oh, so you are either deliberately, or ignorantly, spreading utter falsehoods. I think we're done here.
Re: Rio de Janeiro's "homegrown" LLM appears to be a merge of an existing model
#250Earlier quoted context omitted.
[flagged]
Let me guess, when confronted with uncomfortable information that requires you to think longer than you are used to, you devolve to false dichotomies into defend your ego?
I live in Sweden but I worry about my country due to online freaks like you. Fair?