Earlier quoted context omitted.
fwiw, this has happened to me a few times with fresh twitter accounts. In my experience, if you care enough and have the time, you will probably be able to get support to unblock your account without handing over your phone number. I'm not saying this to defend twitter, this is definitely some aggressive, disingenuous behavior.
I just wrote a message to support and I will keep you posted about any updates. Just to be sure I also ordered a free SIM card so I have a spam phone for these kinds of services. Thank you for the advice.
"If you need to reset your Twitter password, please request a new one here: https://twitter.com/account/begin_password_reset.
If your Twitter account is suspended or locked and you are unable to access it, please log in to your account and use the following form to get in touch with us: https://support.twitter.com/forms/general?subtopic=suspended...
Because my account is "temporarily restricted" neither of the cases matches so I think this is their kind way telling me to f-ck off or give them what they want. I don't like these kind of games and I'm thinking about not using their service after all.