> Unless you also consider how likely it is that Mom is working ..
I did consider that, and factored it into the historical shift in attitudes about both parents working, compared to when school hours were determined.
> ... especially because school officials explicitly say they do what they are doing because of this issue, and also, why do you think the article mentioned childcare?
You're assuming your school officials are fully cognisant of post hoc ergo propter hoc
It's possible childcare is the easy option and doesn't require much pondering or historical analysis.
As I noted, correlating how things are done there to elsewhere in the world, and elsewhere in time, may be informative in determining actual causation, rather than just correlation.
> Think about this for a second. Mom and Dad work from 9:00-5:00 and then have an hour+ of commuting to do. All the schools get at or before 5:00. Is it more desirable for high schooler Joseph to get home before his 8-year-old sister, or the other way around?
Yeah, you're making quite a few assumptions. I'm not sure how old Joseph is meant to be in this anecdote, but presumably older than 8yo, and (also presumably) attends a different school. The idea that different aged children attend significantly different geographical / scheduled schools is relatively modern too (I'd suggest a much more recent change than determination of school hours).
No, as I said before, I suspect this is all much more simply ascribed to doing what seemed appropriate at the time (aligning to a standard adult work schedules) and determined in the absence of any good understanding of circadian rhythms, variations during development, and importance of 8 hours sleep.