Perhaps I didn't explain well. SPKI/SDSI specifically
isn't the authority/tree-of-trust model: although it could be used as the infrastructure to build an authoritative, tree-of-trust system, it could also be used as the infrastructure to build a web-of-trust system, and it can be used as the infrastructure to build an even less trust-requiring system.
> In the end a tree-of-trust rests on the fact that you trust the manufacturer of your laptop that they put trustworthy certificates there so you could verify the roots.
For hostname and IP address ownership, there is a central authority: ICANN. The problem with the CA model is that someone other than ICANN can lie about who owns a hostname. As for the ICANN roots, those should be publicly known and verified in the same way that any information is publicly known and verified (ultimately, it comes down to verification).
The problem with ICANN being a central authority is that knowing that I'm talking to the legitimate owner of 'apple.com' tells me nothing. It could be Apple Records or an apple farm or a guy who just really likes Apples for all I know. The CA system uses a ridiculously expensive, painful process to do ICANN's job for it, and still doesn't provide me the guarantees I need in order to do business online.
With respect to email, I can use a tree-of-trust system to guarantee that I can send email to the legitimate owner of an email account, but I cannot guarantee that said legitimate owner is the person I think it is (after all, ICANN in a very real sense owns the Internet, and could transfer anything to anyone). If I wish to, I could use an SPKI/SDSI system to ensure that I'm sending a message to the person who the person who the person who I think is Jim thinks is Sally thinks is Bill.
Which, really, is the only way trust can work anyway. What does anyone know other than what he has heard from others?