Earlier quoted context omitted.
Facebook maintains “shadow profile” accounts for people who have not personally made an account [1], the answer to your question is “whatever information your friends and family exposed on your behalf and which is linkable to you”. [1] https://medium.com/@SpiderOak/facebook-shadow-profiles-a-pro...
so you think they are confident enough to link somebodies randomly created alias, let's say "InteretDude420" to a real name? What if opened a VR Arcade and owned 100 Oculus Quests and made 100 separate accounts?
If you opened that arcade, they'd probably recognize that through a couple hundred different datapoints and use that to further analyze user behavior (For example: Which FB/Instagram users went to your arcade, stayed for a significant amount of time, then left. Of those, which don't already own a Quest -- market to them).