Earlier quoted context omitted.
Hmm. That seems like a better example of the problem than either of the examples at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gettier_problem . The cases cited in the article don't seem to raise any interesting issues at all, in fact. The observer who sees the dark cloud and 'knows' there is a fire is simply wrong, because the cloud can serve as evidence of either insects or a fire and he lacks the additional evidence needed to…
It’s not super clear there, but those are examples of a pre- Gettier type of argument that originally motivated strengthening, and externalizing, the J in JTB knowledge— just like you’re doing! Gettier’s contribution — the examples with Smith — sharpens it to a point by making the “knowledge” a logical proposition — in one example a conjunction, in one a disjunction — such that we can assert that Smith’s belief in th…
Sorry, naive questions: what is a terrifying dilemma to 21st century epistemologist? What is the "modern" recipe?