Earlier quoted context omitted.
I've got a 6th gen X1 carbon and under windows the thing has the fan on high all the time. Switched to Linux (mint) and I went a couple months before I heard the fan, doing all the same things. I don't know what windows is doing these days but it isn't doing it for me, the end user.
T460s user here, on Windows (and Hackintosh, for the sake of bad comparison), my system idled ~40-45c and the fans also ran constantly. Put Linux on it, add auto-cpufreq, and then it idles ~27c (30c with external display). No fans unless I launch games, have heavy network usage for >5 minutes, or compile something. I'd probably give the Macbooks (or this new Thinkpad) a closer look if I didn't work with Docker consta…
I've got a 460s and it will run pretty warm if you let it. If you tell it to not run so hot it'll keep the CPU throttled down a bit more aggressively and keep it cooler. That generation of Intel CPU was always a bit on the warm side when it wanted to actually do anything. Especially anything related to video encoding/decoding, using stuff like Zoom or Meet or Teams really makes the machine get warm.