Earlier quoted context omitted.
I've caused and authored many COEs at Amazon, and additionally have been involved in maybe fifty for neighboring teams. I can't recall a time it had a negative career impact for anyone, much less any of the consequences you list.
I work at AWS now and can second that. Nobody is happy when things break, but COEs are looked a positively and are circulated constantly to prevent repeats.
Where I was about 99.9% of the COEs where just a lesson learned and new process to prevent it. There was one that was basically used as a tool to remove a VERY good engineer, that didn't mesh well with new leadership.
A sister org, one I worked a lot with, wouldn't COE anything. If you were the lead engineer on a product or service that had a COE you were going to get a PIP by year end review. I wasn't surprised when all the talent left that group.