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Why are interest rates so low?

brookings.edu

201–210 of 238 posts

Re: Why are interest rates so low?

#201
post #6

Why the obsession of economic growth? In Sweden we currently have negative prime interest rate and people have higher salaries than ever and housing prices are all time high. This greed doesn't lead to less global warming or happier people. I think politicians and economists should start thinking about what actually makes people happy. Economics is efficient management of resources nothing else. Giving the population…

Indeed. Endless economic growth comes atthe expense of negative externalities. Companies are incentivized to produce more - or their competitors will - by using up more of the planet's resources and producing more waste, forever. This is unsustainable. At current rates, how long can this planet sustain our growth in consumption?

The main underlying cause of this is population growth. If countries can learn to break their dependency on a social security pyramid, by leveraging the increased productivity that automation enables, then countries like Japan with a graying population can in fact become nations of fewer, more affluent people.

Scientific and technological advancement does NOT have to depend on more consumer crap marketed and sold to more people.

Re: Why are interest rates so low?

#202
post #90

Earlier quoted context omitted.

You can have technological, scientific and cultural advancement without economic growth. Building more shopping malls out in the suburbs leads to growth, but it doesn't advance society.

I have discussed this with friends recently. Why do we need growth? I don't need a faster iPhone, or more tech. I honestly don't see my life being any better for the last ten years worth of "growth" (much of which seems to have been pumping up asset prices). I would quite like to relax and coast a bit in life, but with the constant chasing of growth by everyone else, standing still means you will get left behind (i.e…

> I don't need a faster iPhone, or more tech.

I need computing power equivalent to several thousand million human brains within the physical space of my home by 2050, and fitting in my pocket by 2075.

Re: Why are interest rates so low?

#203

The comments I see in this thread make me so upset. HN has always been about making the world a better place. Doing things that matter. Making lives better. We look forward to self driving cars, solving heathcare, etc etc et. Yet I read these comments and apparently HN isn't as concerned about progress anymore. "Why do we need growth", "I'll take peace over growth at this point." Are you crazy? When did we stop carin…

A typical person would rather take $95 with everyone else getting $90 than take $100 with everyone else getting $110. Is this rational or not? From one perspective, yes - from another, no.

These comments are a reaction against the massive increase in inequality that we're experiencing. Sure, most of us are gaining a little 'from progress', but there are only a few who are gaining a lot.

So, the question is: is the inequality 'worth it'? Is 'wealth' absolute, or relative?

Re: Why are interest rates so low?

#204
post #156

Earlier quoted context omitted.

As someone who owns an iPhone, I don't think it's really substantially improved my quality of life. It makes some things more convenient, but doesn't really enable me to do anything I couldn't do before with other separate devices, and it can be a major source of distraction at times.

Would you be willing to test that...? I.e. Would you be willing to give up the iPhone for a dumb phone for 12 months? What if we collectively donated to a charity to make it more enticing?

I did this a year or three back, and the only thing was that with the amount of travel I did, the mobile maps were too useful. If I didn't travel, I'm pretty sure I'd be fine without a phone.

Re: Why are interest rates so low?

#205

The comments I see in this thread make me so upset. HN has always been about making the world a better place. Doing things that matter. Making lives better. We look forward to self driving cars, solving heathcare, etc etc et. Yet I read these comments and apparently HN isn't as concerned about progress anymore. "Why do we need growth", "I'll take peace over growth at this point." Are you crazy? When did we stop carin…

> Some people are saying, but economic growth does not necessarily imply tech progress

I think generally speaking, economic growth does not necessarily mean tech progress. But, tech progress does mean economic growth.

With improved technology, we get more value from the same inputs. What would have gotten me a small black and white TV 50 years ago gets me a 60inch plasma TV today. In the time I once could draft a letter to one friend, I can share a thought with all of my friends on social media.

I know sometimes the word "economic" growth makes people think of some impersonal behemoth corporations preying on the little guys. But really, if you are working on something to give people more value for the same resources, whether it be a person's time or money, you are contributing to economic growth.

Re: Why are interest rates so low?

#207
post #142

Sadly, even the chairmen of central banks ignore the most important contribution to inflation: wages. The reason why we have deflation in Japan and Europe despite almost zero rates and even additional quantitative easing is because nominal median wages there are actually falling. It is very easy to make sure to have an inflation of 2%: Just raise the minimum wage 2% each year. Thats it. Example that inflation correla…

This is wrong. 3.3m workers work for the minimum wage in the US. This represents 2.6% of all wage and salary workers in the economy [0]. Raising the minimum wage would simply make 2.6% of the working population better off at the expense of their employers. It's a redistribution of wealth and it has nothing to do with inflation. You have your causation backwards. Employers being forced to pay a higher wage to 2.6% of…

> Raising the minimum wage would simply make 2.6% of the working population better off at the expense of their employers.

But never the less those 2.6% percent will be directly responsible for the inflation since they barely get by now and if you increase their wages the prices will adjust accordingly so that they barely get by in the future. Also it has been shown that if you increase minimum wage all wages across the board will increase, even the highest ones.

> Central bank monetary policy causes the money supply to increase, creating inflation.

There is no evidence for that. The money supply has been expanded vastly in the last years but still there was almost no inflation. Why? because all the money arrived in the financial market where it "inflated" the value of financial products causing one bubble after the other.

There is a very easy way to make absolutely sure that the money arrives in the real economy (which will be the driver of "investment-worthy" projects in the future): raise wages.

Re: Why are interest rates so low?

#208
"Equilibrium real interest rate"??? What a load of horseshit. Interest rates are low because if they raise them the entire world goes broke. They dropped them down in order to sell more and more debt. Now all the debt is sold. This is the result of globalization; there's only so much "good" debt to buy. With all individuals and governments in developed countries maxed out on their debts, the banking system is basically stuck. Economists dredge up techno baffle-gab like this to fool the public into thinking there's some complex mystery to the financial system that only quants can figure out. It's not that complicated. Declare debt amnesty, make all the banks suddenly smaller, and if you really want to prevent this kind of thing from happening again make currency speculation illegal. That's a good start.

Re: Why are interest rates so low?

#209
post #195
post #192

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> I don't need a faster iPhone, or more tech. Maybe you don't, but lots of people do, as evidenced by the fact that they pay for it. If you don't need it, then don't pay for it. > the last ten years worth of "growth" (much of which seems to have been pumping up asset prices) This is true, but faster iPhones and other tech weren't what did that. Investment banks did that, by playing risky zero-sum games with other peo…

>Maybe you don't, but lots of people do, as evidenced by the fact that they pay for it. If you don't need it, then don't pay for it. That's not really how it works. I will get a new phone when mine dies because (A) I need a phone and (B) the phone I have isn't being made anymore. Does this means I am paying for 'more tech'? If you do not keep buying new stuff, you don't stagnate, you regress. If I don't want new tech…

> I will get a new phone when mine dies because (A) I need a phone and (B) the phone I have isn't being made anymore.

But you'll still have a pretty wide range of choices; last I checked, not every phone available was a smartphone, let alone an iPhone. Granted, the exact model you had before won't be there, but that's true of just about anything. My car is a 2002 model; I'm going to have to get a new one pretty soon, and I certainly won't be able to buy the same model. But I'll still have a pretty wide range of choices; it's not as though I'll either have to buy a luxury model or go without.

> If you do not keep buying new stuff, you don't stagnate, you regress.

Well, of course; stuff wears out and dies, so you have to get new stuff, and the new stuff won't be the same as the stuff you used to have, because stuff is always changing. Everything wears out eventually; that's just a fact of life. But nobody is forcing you to get the fanciest phone available, or the fanciest anything else.

Re: Why are interest rates so low?

#210
post #87

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Eh? The Federal funds rate has been at 0.25% since 2008, if it were to go any lower we'd be in negative interest rate territory. The fed has only just started scaling back their asset repurchase program (aka 'QE' for 'quantitative easing'), but just like the previous 3 times (in ~5 years) it supposedly wanted to stop 'printing money', another round of QE is just one big stock market correction or housing market crash…

>we'd be in negative interest rate territory Risk adjusted market returns are clearly in negative territory otherwise we wouldn't have these piles of idle reserves even at -2% real return. > for malinvestments (e.g. the shale oil industry... Malinvestment is not something that exists under any mathematically consistent macroeconomic model but even if we try to tie the word to a somewhat sensical meaning, the most "ma…

>> Risk adjusted market returns are clearly in negative territory otherwise we wouldn't have these piles of idle reserves even at -2% real return.

What 'piles of idle reserves' are you talking about? Surely not peoples' savings or bank buffers, since these are low and any excess is used to plug holes elsewhere, which is exactly why you see so little of the flood of 'free' money going into the real economy, and almost all of it is used to rotate bad loans. If you're talking about overcapitalized companies sitting on excess money or using it for stock buybacks, you are taking a very narrow view. The economy isn't all made of Apples and Googles, most sectors actually have very low forward earnings, high P/E, and are not investing money because they know consumers are not profiting from the economic 'rebound' and will not increase spending anytime soon.

>> Malinvestment is not something that exists under any mathematically consistent macroeconomic model

I thought we've already established economics aren't mathematically consistent or rational? If you're still trying to explain it from textbook logic you probably think the 2008 financial crisis wasn't predictable, and wasn't caused by irrational agents working from mathematically inconsistent motives.

>> If a monetary bubble ends up bursting it will be because central banks have been too tight, making fiat keep its value above market safe returns

Just like Bernanke, you are putting the cart before the horse. Our currency isn't deflating because there's too little of it, we're forced to make more of it because it's in the wrong hands, not benefitting consumers and workers but bigcorps and the ultra-rich, who now have so much of it they can't come up with anything else but sitting on it, or 'investing' it in a house of cards built from financial derivatives that behind the scenes are only used to keep the circle-jerk of bad debt and shadow banking going, not to grow the economy or promote investment or risk taking.

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