This is precisely what would have happened if Apple had gotten away with their distributed image hashing scheme. Only in that case the falsely accused would be sent immediately through the justice system and forced to spend a fortune to defend themselves on the assumption that they were hiding the evidence.
Also it mathematically required multiple local hits before anything would've been sent to Apple.
And even at that point an actual human would've checked the image(s) (reduced quality versions) before any action is taken.
So even if you would've managed to trigger the system multiple times on someone's phone with hash collisions that actually are pictures of kittens, the most you've done is slightly inconvenience a low-paid image checker in a cheap call center.