Live data from Hacker News

What does the cerebellum do?

sarahconstantin.substack.com

201–209 of 209 posts

Re: What does the cerebellum do?

#201

What a marvellous article. One thing I’ve never quite appreciated in neuroscience is how useful physical movement is as a debugging layer. During a task, in observing gaits, tremors, speed, accuracy, etc., you’re able to gain a deeper understanding of how cognition works for non-movement tasks. I guess cognition is, after all, still just movement, but through a conceptual plane instead of a physical one.

One thing I’ve never quite appreciated in neuroscience is how useful physical movement is as a debugging layer. My sister, who is a choreographer, had some interesting views on how movement could be used as therapy. (Specifically, crawling, as a base-level movement.) I thought that was woo-woo, but later I read that there was some medical support for this.

Brains are contextual. A scent might bring back a specific memory of a time and place complete with visual and auditory hallucinations, for lack of a better term. All trauma happened in the individual's past, often childhood. It makes sense that revisiting childhood contexts in any form might offer access to the regions of brain which encode the traumatic experiences. Revisiting prior experiences with present perspective and working to put them into words is the underpinnings of talk therapy.

Re: What does the cerebellum do?

#202
post #13

Earlier quoted context omitted.

"The brain is like a computer that"-style analogies are rarely fitting, or so vague as to being almost useless. My fridge is an L2 cache for food I want to eat soon.

> My fridge is an L2 cache for food I want to eat soon. I would think fridge is RAM, L2 is table, L1 is plate. (I am deliberately ignoring the pun potential for Cold Storage.) But other than bickering about the exact mapping, I don't see the problem with that analogy?

Here comes the Forkbus! brm brm

Re: What does the cerebellum do?

#203

Earlier quoted context omitted.

What do you mean? The cerebellum is closer to the spinal cord than the rest of the brains. And there's no learning happening anywhere but the brain, vertebrates don't have distributed central nervous system like octopuses do. The only thing vertebrate limbs can do on their own are certain hardcoded reflex actions.

So the spinal cord is only a wire and, besides reflexes, there is no processing done anywhere else, but the brain? How about neurons in the gut, I've read somewhere that intestines are lined up with some neural "mesh". Is that only for signal transmission?

There is processing in the autonomous nervous system, all sorts of regulation, and adaptation, perhaps something that could be called learning – we don’t really know what happens in the gut nerve complex yet, as it’s so recent "discovery".

Fully autonomous muscle movements like heartbeat, or the peristaltic motion of the gut, are not directly controlled by the brain, but they certainly respond to signals sent by the brain – eg. brain processes sensory data, determines there’s a danger, upregulates the pituitary gland which starts secreting adrenocorticotrophic hormone, which once it reaches your adrenal glands, causes them to start producing adrenaline, which in turn causes all sorts of changes all over the body related to the fight-or-flee reaction.

The skeletal muscle, though – I don’t think its innervation is capable of anything but reflexive motion without the brain telling it what to do.

Re: What does the cerebellum do?

#204
post #116

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Human society provides nowhere enough pressure for evolution to have effect (for good reasons), and our humanity timeline is nowhere near lengthy enough so far either. So I don’t think we are heading anywhere in that regards

How would you explain increasing average height in the US youth in the last 30 years? It can't be food availability, because 30 years ago people weren't hungry either

Height stopped increasing around the mid-1970s and has been flat or falling since

https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/average-height-by-year-of...

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-12868421/american...

Worse for city kids:

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/rural-children-no...

Re: What does the cerebellum do?

#205

I like the beginning of the article quite a lot for giving an overview of the cerebellum, teaching that it is the home of unconscious learning, but to me it goes into weak speculations quite quickly, first with the 'Purkinje cells learn individually but not other found do that' leads to 'neuron connectivity is not enough to simulate' brain activity while knowing that higher level mental activity exists without cerebe…

I find this particularly interesting: The brain is not like a neural network where the only thing that is “learned” or “updated” is the weights between neurons. At least some learning evidently happens within individual neurons. That’s bad news for anyone hoping to simulate a brain digitally. It means there’s a lot more relevant stuff to simulate (like the learning that goes on within cells) than the connectionist pa…

This makes so much computing sense.

Re: What does the cerebellum do?

#206
post #190

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Sure, but which species is sitting here having a conversation about it?

Why does that imply superiority? It's like you're saying "We humans are the smartest in the world. Smarter animals are better than other animals, so we're better than all other animals." A giraffe may just as well believe "We giraffes have the longest necks in the world. Animals with longer necks are better than others, so we're better than all other animals." "Intelligence" itself is not well defined anyway. It may…

They can go on believing that and it would be true.

Yet what have they done with their long necks?

Of course humans define the metric. Who else could?! Lmao.

Let's ask the giraffes what intelligence means... oh wait.

Maybe we can't name it, make it's not a competition or leaderboard, but you can't deny Humans are at the top of something.

Re: What does the cerebellum do?

#207

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Having no context does allow for a fresh perspective... Having to think things through slowly step by step may reveal errors other's glossed over... the cerebellum is important. But maybe, since we really know less about the brain than we think we do, differently wired does not equate 'stupider'. It takes all sorts to make a world. I agree with the language part, tedious... but maybe in certain situations it might be…

I mean yes, people with disabilities often have a unique contribution to offer and a unique perspective. They often excel at very specific things. However, implying that it is so advantageous to be disabled that we would all evolve to be that way is ridiculous. Thinking things through slowly step by step may reveal errors others have glossed over...But it's perfectly possible for someone without a severe disability t…

The premise that needs to be scrutinized is whether what we are deeming a “disability” is actually that. Thinking in systems, a component’s calibration (whether it is able or not) to a system can change due to the system as a whole changing (political, economic, cultural pressure).

One example is how the change from hunter/gatherer to agricultural lifestyles may have rendered the strengths of the hunter’s brain a weakness in an agricultural society.

Re: What does the cerebellum do?

#208
post #207

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I mean yes, people with disabilities often have a unique contribution to offer and a unique perspective. They often excel at very specific things. However, implying that it is so advantageous to be disabled that we would all evolve to be that way is ridiculous. Thinking things through slowly step by step may reveal errors others have glossed over...But it's perfectly possible for someone without a severe disability t…

The premise that needs to be scrutinized is whether what we are deeming a “disability” is actually that. Thinking in systems, a component’s calibration (whether it is able or not) to a system can change due to the system as a whole changing (political, economic, cultural pressure). One example is how the change from hunter/gatherer to agricultural lifestyles may have rendered the strengths of the hunter’s brain a wea…

The issue is nobody is convincing me that being unable to use context and sensory input properly would be advantageous in our current society. Because it wouldn't. And that's the end of that.

Re: What does the cerebellum do?

#209
post #21

What a marvellous article. One thing I’ve never quite appreciated in neuroscience is how useful physical movement is as a debugging layer. During a task, in observing gaits, tremors, speed, accuracy, etc., you’re able to gain a deeper understanding of how cognition works for non-movement tasks. I guess cognition is, after all, still just movement, but through a conceptual plane instead of a physical one.

It's been argued that most, maybe all, of human cognition is based on a sort of folk-physics mental model with objects. We throw ideas into the ring to be chewed on and distilled and maybe brought in to practice or thrown out as useless. The linguistic metaphors we use, at least, to talk about ideas and abstractions, are never more than one, maybe two, steps away from a hand moving or rearranging something.

I think part of this connection reflects an universal (not just coincidental) equivalence: between intelligence, (logical) reasoning and planning. Finding a solution to a logical problem is perhaps similar to finding a path in a motion planning problem. You have to consider a number of paths going from A (premises, or in general your current state), to B (a desired proposition, or in general "something that is good/satisfies you"). You have to search a path (within a heuristic list of possible paths) or plan a path of consistent propositions that in the end prove what you want (although our notions of proof and consistency are usually relaxed for practical purposes: when I say "The window was left open, and we are in the winter, therefore the room will be cold", this is not a real proof in the Euclidean sense.
Post reply on HN