i gave some examples in
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35883963, though arguably those are not very concrete. also i pointed out there why unit tests that use exact comparison on floats are not necessarily bad: ieee-784 specifies bit-exact results for the five fundamental arithmetic operations, and if your compiler is introducing rounding errors, you want your tests to fail. (or introducing nonerrors, in the case where it's introducing fmas.)
even hashing is useful for memoization
i think probably you're asking in the wrong places
the lapack source might be a better place to look; we can probably suppose that if something is in lapack it's realistic and also not a bug, and numerical code doesn't get more 'good, production' than lapack
in dgelsx for example i find
ELSE IF( ANRM.EQ.ZERO ) THEN
*
* Matrix all zero. Return zero solution.
*
CALL DLASET( 'F', MAX( M, N ), NRHS, ZERO, ZERO, B, LDB )
and also (fairly dubious, at least to my uneducated eye)
* Determine RANK using incremental condition estimation
*
WORK( ISMIN ) = ONE
WORK( ISMAX ) = ONE
SMAX = ABS( A( 1, 1 ) )
SMIN = SMAX
IF( ABS( A( 1, 1 ) ).EQ.ZERO ) THEN
RANK = 0
CALL DLASET( 'F', MAX( M, N ), NRHS, ZERO, ZERO, B, LDB )
GO TO 100
ELSE
RANK = 1
END IF
as well as some sentinel-value checks
and in dlar1v:
WORK( INDS+I ) = S*WORK( INDLPL+I )*L( I )
IF( WORK( INDLPL+I ).EQ.ZERO )
$ WORK( INDS+I ) = LLD( I )
and also
TMP = D( I ) / DMINUS
IF(DMINUS.LT.ZERO) NEG2 = NEG2 + 1
WORK( INDUMN+I ) = L( I )*TMP
WORK( INDP+I-1 ) = WORK( INDP+I )*TMP - LAMBDA
IF( TMP.EQ.ZERO )
$ WORK( INDP+I-1 ) = D( I ) - LAMBDA
and also
IF( ABS(MINGMA).EQ.ZERO )
$ MINGMA = EPS*WORK( INDS+R1-1 )
of course float comparisons for ordering are much more common than float comparisons for equality, but there are numerous realistic examples of float comparisons for equality in lapack and, i think, in applied mathematics in general
but if you ask an audience of type theorists, sysadmins, and web developers, they won't know that; they aren't numerical analysts and probably haven't inverted a submatrix since sophomore math class, if ever
(there are 6550 files in lapack 3.9.0 of which i looked through 15 to find these examples, suggesting that there are on the order of 1000 realistic examples in there; eventually i'd probably find one that wasn't even comparing to zero)
plausibly instead of giving them floating point by default you should give them fixed point with, say, nine digits after the decimal point; that was the approach knuth took in tex, for example, to guarantee reproducibility, but it also gives human-predictable rounding. and in most cases it should be perfectly adequate for simple stats and percentages. as a bonus you get 64 bits of precision instead of 53