Earlier quoted context omitted.
Exactly, the best approach seems to be where the app is composed of traditional pages with server navigation between them, but each page is implemented as an SPA. This approach eliminates the need for a client-side router, keeps any centralized page state small, and improves the SEO and bookmarkability of the app. I have implemented this architecture in several projects, and it’s effective
The correct answer for this stuff, and it absolutely kills me saying this, is probably something like asp.net web forms.
Modern Razor's pretty good (not Razor Pages, they also suck) which is probably what you mean.
But it's not that much different from Rails, Laravel, Django, etc.