all the tech companies are filled to the brim with h1b visa holders working around the clock for average pay. this has nothing to do with ai, and everything to do with importing workers that are desperate to be here, and so work like dogs. fresh college grads are competing with foreign visa holders that have years of experience
> We use two different approaches for measuring occupational exposure to AI. The first uses exposure measures from Eloundou et al. (2024). Eloundou et al. (2024) estimate AI exposure by ONET task using ChatGPT validated with human labeling. They then construct occupational exposure measures by aggregating the task data to the 2018 SOC code level. We focus on the GPT-4 based β exposure measures from their paper.
>The second primary approach we take uses data on generative AI usage from the Anthropic Economic Index (Handa et al., 2025). This index reports the estimated share of queries pertaining to each ONET task based on a sample of several million conversations with Claude, Anthropic’s generative AI model. It then aggregates the data to the occupational level based on these task shares. One feature of the Anthropic Economic Index is that for each task it also reports estimates of the share of queries pertaining to that task that are “automative,” “augmentative,” or none of the above. We use this information as an estimate of whether usage of AI for an occupation is primarily complementary or substitutable with labor.14