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Hylomorphism

1000wordphilosophy.com

21–30 of 56 posts

Re: Hylomorphism

#21

It works well for computer science as well. Values have types (forms) and bytes (matter). One type can be instantiated in multiple ways, for example you can have multiple integers, like 1,2,3,4 or the bytes 01000001 can represent different information, like 65 or 'A'. The interesting thing is null, because here the distinction sort of breaks down.

But that's not entirely true, because the mapping alone doesn't give you any ordering relation or comparison options. Translating the natural numbers into bytes doesn't tell you how they should be ordered. We determine the 'form' of the order with our minds.

Could the sort be another form? Taking the article’s example, I could sort a bunch of tables by height or weight or some other attribute. That sort order then takes on a form that was not there prior to the sort. To think of it another way, after the tables (or values in CS) are sorted, the sort has been “assembled”.

Re: Hylomorphism

#22
This is a start, but I think it doesn’t do hylomorphism justice. Many of us (as I was, before I overcame the inculcated bias) suffer from a kind of unsophisticated atomism. This is what happens in the vacuum of intellectual discipline and formation characteristic of our education systems. It is important to distinguish between physical models and metaphysical theory. Now, metaphysics doesn’t ignore physical models, but it does view physical models through the lens of physical methodology so that they are interpreted in a sound and responsible way. A naive reading of physical theory can easily lead to a mechanistic metaphysics, because while the physical sciences are not inherently mechanistic, the tradition does insinuate mechanism. In a mechanistic metaphysics, the artifact becomes the paradigmatic object, and pretty soon, reality becomes nothing but a shifting aggregate of atoms. Gone is the world of human beings, trees, cats, and dogs. Gone is the very intelligibility of the world and the very powers of reason that sought to grasp it. To say that mechanism, and especially materialism, doesn’t even get off the ground is beating a dead horse at this point (the obstinate still hanging on have doubled down to the point of embracing the patent absurdity of eliminativism, for example).

The renewed interest in hylomorphism (or hylomorphic dualism) is it seems related to the perhaps relatively modest, but certainly discernible resurgence of interest in Aristotlean metaphysics in the last decade or two. Speaking from experience, it is not easy to break mechanistic habits of mind, but it is possible. One way out, I find, is to begin with the realization that even if we accept a naive atomism, the atom itself is a thing, and to be a thing is to be an instantiated form. For if you truly have many atoms, as an atomist believes, then you have a plurality of things that are of like kind (the “matter” in hylomorphism is, first and foremost, prime matter, not something determinate as a kind of stuff, which itself requires form to be a kind of stuff; form is what causes a thing to be what it is). And if you happen to fall into the reductive mechanistic trap, you should recall that the further you go down that road, the more you undermine the very capacity of reason to know reality, the less you can explain the very possibility of reason, and the less your position holds weight as a result. We do not begin with atoms, but the world we experience everyday, and it is within that world that we perform scientific investigations and reason philosophically. Get something wrong, draw the wrong conclusion, and you can face a retorsion argument, a paradox of the sort skepticism generally faces (“there is no truth!” type of stuff).

I recommend some of Edward Feser’s books on the subject. “The Last Superstition” is a light read in that respect, but “Scholastic Metaphysics” is more of a proper manual.

Re: Hylomorphism

#23

Earlier quoted context omitted.

But that's not entirely true, because the mapping alone doesn't give you any ordering relation or comparison options. Translating the natural numbers into bytes doesn't tell you how they should be ordered. We determine the 'form' of the order with our minds.

Could the sort be another form? Taking the article’s example, I could sort a bunch of tables by height or weight or some other attribute. That sort order then takes on a form that was not there prior to the sort. To think of it another way, after the tables (or values in CS) are sorted, the sort has been “assembled”.

I don't think so. Height and weight are sorted/ordered numerical, and numerals are not properties of the table, nor of its weight or height. The form of the relation is abstract, it's actually between the values attached and not the objects, and therefore in our mind.

Re: Hylomorphism

#24

If only hylo-morphism was so simple...I just spent a few months studying the concept, and let me tell you, Aristotle's form/matter distinction is so strange and complex and difficult to "boil down." Really, it takes a close, and very slow reading of the Physics (as well as other Aristotle texts), and a lot of reference to secondary sources, to get a handle on those difficulties. I'm not sure if this is an apt introdu…

Two points.

First, I might recommend the Metaphysics before the Physics. Second, I think reading the original Aristotle as a novice and alone is perhaps not the best move. I think it is best to start with a commentary or something more pedagogically suitable. Contemporary expositors like Edward Feser or David Oderberg write lucidly and approachably on the subject (see “Scholastic Metaphysics” and “Real Essentialism”).

That never said, it takes time to understand this stuff, especially when all sorts of bad intellectual habits must be broken.

Re: Hylomorphism

#25

"4. Conclusion If I do produce something new when I assemble the contents of the box, then the table is something more than just those contents. The table is not only its material parts, but also the formal organization of those parts. And that is the fundamental claim of hylomorphism: that there is some kind of formal part, component, or aspect to any table, chair, rock, tree, rabbit, planet, or human being, somethi…

This is a useful connection, but I think “in our minds” is misleading. Like you say, the forms of particular things like tables are not the same forms that are the conditions of possibility of experience. The latter forms are more abstract and common to our experience of all things, like the forms of space and time and the structure of causality. That universality also shows why “in our minds” is misleading, because these forms are common to all minds and therefore cannot really be said to reside primarily in individual minds, even though they are of course employed somehow by individual minds in cognition.

Re: Hylomorphism

#26
There is an alternative view that exists in BFO/OBI for example where you have a 'planned process' which contain a set of processes to execute a 'plan specification' to act on 'material entities' (your parts and the table) and the parthood relations.

Re: Hylomorphism

#27

If only hylo-morphism was so simple...I just spent a few months studying the concept, and let me tell you, Aristotle's form/matter distinction is so strange and complex and difficult to "boil down." Really, it takes a close, and very slow reading of the Physics (as well as other Aristotle texts), and a lot of reference to secondary sources, to get a handle on those difficulties. I'm not sure if this is an apt introdu…

[deleted]

Re: Hylomorphism

#29

The issue I've always had with this kind of reductionist philosophy is that there is a very clear and obvious continuum between "table" and "not table". At no point can everyone clearly agree what is and isn't a table. Sure, most people would agree that an assembled IKEA "LISABO" table is a table. Okay.. what if one of the legs is removed and it is sideways? What if one leg is removed but it is propped up with a pile…

Yes, this is the mereological nihilism which the author mentions in the first paragraph.

Re: Hylomorphism

#30

This is a start, but I think it doesn’t do hylomorphism justice. Many of us (as I was, before I overcame the inculcated bias) suffer from a kind of unsophisticated atomism. This is what happens in the vacuum of intellectual discipline and formation characteristic of our education systems. It is important to distinguish between physical models and metaphysical theory. Now, metaphysics doesn’t ignore physical models, b…

One commonly encounters a conflation of the philosophical idea of atoms, time, matter, motion, etc., with the (modern) scientific concepts. That atoms are composed of quarks of course has no bearing on the original (and persistently recurring) idea that there has to be a fundamental element, some irreducible "thing", whether that's framed in terms of energy quanta, information bits, integers, sets, or what have you. Similarly, Einstein's relativity of time and the curvature of space, this idea of space-time, does not invalidate the fundamental notion of something following another and of the instantaneous arrangement, notions that are orthogonal to the concept of entanglement in a Riemann manifold.
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