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U.S. battery storage capacity to increase significantly

eia.gov

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Re: U.S. battery storage capacity to increase significantly

#21
Suparna Ray, the independent statistics and analysis EIA person writing about Utility scale photovoltaic and thermal here appears to be using EIA forms like this as the basis for her article. (She's listed as a contact on this form but it is hard to find info on who she is).

https://www.seia.org/sites/default/files/EIA-860.pdf

It would be good to see the actual data.

Re: U.S. battery storage capacity to increase significantly

#22
post #13

Earlier quoted context omitted.

What should it be measured in?

watt/hours is the typical measurement. Raw wattage is insufficient without a time component.

Wh, not W/h. W/h is a change in power.

"Scotty, increase engine power by 1 gigawatt per hour!"

Re: U.S. battery storage capacity to increase significantly

#23
post #2

The article doesn’t make this clear so I am assuming those numbers represent GWh of storage. To put this in context Bath County is a reservoir that has 24GWh of storage. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bath_County_Pumped_Storage_S...

Batteries have a power capacity too. Most will be in the 2-4hr range (so double the GW figure for a rough estimate) if so.

Re: U.S. battery storage capacity to increase significantly

#24
post #12

As often the case, reporters can't tell power apart from energy, happily confusing Watts and Watt-hours/Joules.

The EIA understands energy and power, the unit names used for energy and power, and is using them correctly in this short article. As much as I hate it when they use terms like "billion kWh" in some of their reports, it is their prerogative and a correct use of terms.

Why do people think that battery storage doesn't have a power specification? To the point that they will incorrectly declare others to now know what they are talking about, when in fact the accuser doesn't know?

Re: U.S. battery storage capacity to increase significantly

#25
post #5
post #2

The article doesn’t make this clear so I am assuming those numbers represent GWh of storage. To put this in context Bath County is a reservoir that has 24GWh of storage. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bath_County_Pumped_Storage_S...

Context for your context: Bath County resevoir is descrbed as "largest battery in the world", and cost the equivilent of 4 billion dollars (in 2021 $), occupies 265 acres of land, and has a capacity of around 14,000,000 m3 of water. I'm curious to see how the costs compare. My understanding is pumped hydro storage gets cheaper at scale. If my math is correct, 24GWH of storage at $4 billion dollars^ is $167 per kilowa…

Costs for LFP are around $350/kWh and about half consists of BOS like inverters, charge control cooling, fire control, etc.

10-20% YoY drop in manufacturing cowts is pretty likely, although demand will keep up with production and lithium extraction capacity so this might just turn into profit in the short term.

Sodium ion is presently scaling, which should remove most of this raw material limitation by late 2020s. Additionally the lower volumetric capacity, higher coulpmbic efficiency and higher thermal stability should reduce cooling and fire control.

TL;DR Some/most people expect it to drop each year similar to what solar did. I expect prices to be stable for 2-4 years while anyone with a lithium mine or existing production builds a small ocean of cash to swim in and then crash abruptly to <$80/kWh

Re: U.S. battery storage capacity to increase significantly

#26
post #2

The article doesn’t make this clear so I am assuming those numbers represent GWh of storage. To put this in context Bath County is a reservoir that has 24GWh of storage. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bath_County_Pumped_Storage_S...

You are wrong, the unit is GW, not GWh.

Grid resources' most salient aspect is their power rating. For lithium ion batteries, there is typically four hours of duration when discharging at maximum capacity, though sometimes it's as low as one to two hours. And for the earliest lithium ion battery that were used for frequency regulation, it was as low as 15-30 minutes of duration. But today, it's usually safe to multiply the GW by four to get GWh for grid batteries, if one cares about the GWh more than GW for some reason.

Re: U.S. battery storage capacity to increase significantly

#27
post #12

As often the case, reporters can't tell power apart from energy, happily confusing Watts and Watt-hours/Joules.

The EIA understands energy and power, the unit names used for energy and power, and is using them correctly in this short article. As much as I hate it when they use terms like "billion kWh" in some of their reports, it is their prerogative and a correct use of terms. Why do people think that battery storage doesn't have a power specification? To the point that they will incorrectly declare others to now know what th…

What are you talking about?

The very first chart in the article is titled "U.S. Battery Storage Capacity (2015-2025)", but the vertical axis is labelled "gigawatts".

Storage capacity is not measured in gigawatts.

Edit: yes, batteries also have a power delivery rating, but that is not what is implied by "storage capacity".

Re: U.S. battery storage capacity to increase significantly

#28
post #5

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Context for your context: Bath County resevoir is descrbed as "largest battery in the world", and cost the equivilent of 4 billion dollars (in 2021 $), occupies 265 acres of land, and has a capacity of around 14,000,000 m3 of water. I'm curious to see how the costs compare. My understanding is pumped hydro storage gets cheaper at scale. If my math is correct, 24GWH of storage at $4 billion dollars^ is $167 per kilowa…

Pumped hydro can amortize over 50-100 years. In a true renewable grid, you will get over 50,000 cycles from the same dam (with some turbine replacements). EDIT: numbers..

Thermal degradation will likely take it out before 100 years, but odds of wearing out next gen sodium ion batteries by cycling are pretty slim https://natron.energy/product/

Re: U.S. battery storage capacity to increase significantly

#29
post #27

Earlier quoted context omitted.

The EIA understands energy and power, the unit names used for energy and power, and is using them correctly in this short article. As much as I hate it when they use terms like "billion kWh" in some of their reports, it is their prerogative and a correct use of terms. Why do people think that battery storage doesn't have a power specification? To the point that they will incorrectly declare others to now know what th…

What are you talking about? The very first chart in the article is titled "U.S. Battery Storage Capacity (2015-2025)", but the vertical axis is labelled "gigawatts". Storage capacity is not measured in gigawatts. Edit: yes, batteries also have a power delivery rating, but that is not what is implied by "storage capacity".

Are you saying that you can't measure battery power capacity? Why would you assert something weird like that?

Grid assets are measured by power, and power is a key specification of storage capacity.

Edit in response to your edit: the EIA, and in fact all the people who run grids and the grid storage, refer to capacity in terms of power, and when talking about "storage capacity" on the grid continues to use power because it would be nonsensical and silly to switch to a not-so-useful energy unit rather than power unit when power is the key metric for grids.

Re: U.S. battery storage capacity to increase significantly

#30
post #27

Earlier quoted context omitted.

The EIA understands energy and power, the unit names used for energy and power, and is using them correctly in this short article. As much as I hate it when they use terms like "billion kWh" in some of their reports, it is their prerogative and a correct use of terms. Why do people think that battery storage doesn't have a power specification? To the point that they will incorrectly declare others to now know what th…

What are you talking about? The very first chart in the article is titled "U.S. Battery Storage Capacity (2015-2025)", but the vertical axis is labelled "gigawatts". Storage capacity is not measured in gigawatts. Edit: yes, batteries also have a power delivery rating, but that is not what is implied by "storage capacity".

If you think of this as "the capacity of power we can generate at any given moment due to these batteries" then it makes sense. Just the same way as you would say "hydro power capacity"
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