How long did it take you to learn enough about all those technologies? How much of it was on the job?
I still have a lot to learn, but IMO nothing beats struggling with something for a long time, and pushing along until you're no longer terrible at it.
I feel that most of what I know I learned by starting projects on topics I initially new nothing about, and sticking to it.
Regarding on the job learning, I have been working with Python/Scala for my full-time job over the past 3.5 years, and that helped too. Specially in terms of running multi-regional services, and the challenges that come with that.
We run several applications on Kubernetes using AWS (combined >2k req/s at peak time), and that was a big challenge for me from which I learned a lot. Specially when you're on-call, and one faulty node brings down the entire cluster, that fails over to another region and repeat :)