It can go pretty wrong - look at a picture of a gun one time and IG will start shoving gun pictures down your throat, it's horribly non-forgiving and can't be tuned by the end user easily. You learn pretty quick to never look even once at something you don't want a whole lot of that same thing force-fed to you - on the other hand, start looking at huskies and you'll get tons of puppers filling your explore. :)
There is a "see fewer posts like this" button (as mentioned in the text) But yeah it can be off-putting.
I wonder if it's because if I see a thumbnail of something unwanted, I first have to open the post in order to access the menu, so the the app counts it as a view first, adding the unwanted post to things I "engage" with.