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Traveling to the Sun: Why Won’t Parker Solar Probe Melt?

nasa.gov

21–30 of 128 posts

Re: Traveling to the Sun: Why Won’t Parker Solar Probe Melt?

#21

>Another challenge came in the form of the electronic wiring — most cables would melt from exposure to heat radiation at such close proximity to the Sun. To solve this problem, the team grew sapphire crystal tubes to suspend the wiring, and made the wires from niobium. are these wires on the outside of the spacecraft? but what about the silicon of all the electronic stuff that this thing must be keeping? The cooling…

Melting points: sapphire - 3,722°F (2,050°C) niobium - 4,491°F (2,477°C)

Re: Traveling to the Sun: Why Won’t Parker Solar Probe Melt?

#22
post #10

>This all has to happen without any human intervention, so the central computer software has been programmed and extensively tested to make sure all corrections can be made on the fly. I'd love to get some deeper insight into how NASA writes and tests software, I can only guess it's a million miles from how most of us work. Anyone know of any good talks, articles from engineers there?

Here's an article about it I read a while back, interesting read: https://www.fastcompany.com/28121/they-write-right-stuff

This redundant software and hardware setup typically isn't necessary when humans aren't involved. The space shuttle system is similar to what you will find on a Boeing or Airbus aircraft. Redundant software, written by different people in different countries with completely different cultures in different languages (on purpose), running on multiple machines with different hardware and voting on the decisions to be made.

It is complete overkill when "all" you're going to lose is a robot and some pride, as with a space probe you want to have lots of features and this level of safety is very restrictive on development effort.

More than likely, the spacecraft in question is written in C or C++ with the help of RTEMS or VxWorks. It is probably running a radiation hardened, very slow processor.

Re: Traveling to the Sun: Why Won’t Parker Solar Probe Melt?

#23
post #4

Dad joke: "They'll go at night" But really, it's cool that they're using carbon-carbon protection similar to that which was originally developed for the leading edges of the Space Shuttle. And I really want to know how they built foamed carbon for the interior. I'm guessing that they're using white ceramic paint on top instead of a reflective foil shield (like the Webb uses) because the foil would be shredded by the…

I'm curious about the foam, too. Normally, foam contains a lot of air. But that kind of foam will blow itself apart in a vacuum. How do they make foam where all the air pockets are replaced with vacuum? Is vacuum-filled foam a better or worse insulator than air-filled foam?

Re: Traveling to the Sun: Why Won’t Parker Solar Probe Melt?

#25
post #10

>This all has to happen without any human intervention, so the central computer software has been programmed and extensively tested to make sure all corrections can be made on the fly. I'd love to get some deeper insight into how NASA writes and tests software, I can only guess it's a million miles from how most of us work. Anyone know of any good talks, articles from engineers there?

Talk on JPL's software for the Curiosity rover: https://www.usenix.org/conference/hotdep12/workshop-program/...

Re: Traveling to the Sun: Why Won’t Parker Solar Probe Melt?

#26
post #4

Dad joke: "They'll go at night" But really, it's cool that they're using carbon-carbon protection similar to that which was originally developed for the leading edges of the Space Shuttle. And I really want to know how they built foamed carbon for the interior. I'm guessing that they're using white ceramic paint on top instead of a reflective foil shield (like the Webb uses) because the foil would be shredded by the…

Speaking of jokes, I guess this is how they make the foamed carbon: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wex_yKfrTo4

Re: Traveling to the Sun: Why Won’t Parker Solar Probe Melt?

#27
post #10

>This all has to happen without any human intervention, so the central computer software has been programmed and extensively tested to make sure all corrections can be made on the fly. I'd love to get some deeper insight into how NASA writes and tests software, I can only guess it's a million miles from how most of us work. Anyone know of any good talks, articles from engineers there?

The part that I find the most intriguing is "corrections can be made on the fly".

I can see how you would ensure reliability through proper requirements specification, a good software development process, separate independent implementations and extensive verification.

However, every time I read a popsci article about space flight software, they talk about this capability to push new code to the spacecraft while it is in flight.

I'm really curious to learn what this looks like in practice (technical details). Do they really have the ability to do an "ad-hoc" upload and execution of arbitrary code on these systems? If so, how are the ad-hoc programs tested and verified?

Re: Traveling to the Sun: Why Won’t Parker Solar Probe Melt?

#28
post #10

>This all has to happen without any human intervention, so the central computer software has been programmed and extensively tested to make sure all corrections can be made on the fly. I'd love to get some deeper insight into how NASA writes and tests software, I can only guess it's a million miles from how most of us work. Anyone know of any good talks, articles from engineers there?

The part that I find the most intriguing is "corrections can be made on the fly". I can see how you would ensure reliability through proper requirements specification, a good software development process, separate independent implementations and extensive verification. However, every time I read a popsci article about space flight software, they talk about this capability to push new code to the spacecraft while it i…

From previous articles, remote updates seem to be a core part of spacecraft software/operating systems. I even recall one situation where a spacecraft had a REPL built in that was used to fix a problem (slowly) remotely! They also have multiple levels of operation and watchdog functionality. I have no direct experience with that beyond following news about spacecraft.

Re: Traveling to the Sun: Why Won’t Parker Solar Probe Melt?

#29
post #23
post #4

Dad joke: "They'll go at night" But really, it's cool that they're using carbon-carbon protection similar to that which was originally developed for the leading edges of the Space Shuttle. And I really want to know how they built foamed carbon for the interior. I'm guessing that they're using white ceramic paint on top instead of a reflective foil shield (like the Webb uses) because the foil would be shredded by the…

I'm curious about the foam, too. Normally, foam contains a lot of air. But that kind of foam will blow itself apart in a vacuum. How do they make foam where all the air pockets are replaced with vacuum? Is vacuum-filled foam a better or worse insulator than air-filled foam?

I think it would be better if it was vacumn voids rather than air filled since air will conduct heat via conduction.

Re: Traveling to the Sun: Why Won’t Parker Solar Probe Melt?

#30
post #23
post #4

Dad joke: "They'll go at night" But really, it's cool that they're using carbon-carbon protection similar to that which was originally developed for the leading edges of the Space Shuttle. And I really want to know how they built foamed carbon for the interior. I'm guessing that they're using white ceramic paint on top instead of a reflective foil shield (like the Webb uses) because the foil would be shredded by the…

I'm curious about the foam, too. Normally, foam contains a lot of air. But that kind of foam will blow itself apart in a vacuum. How do they make foam where all the air pockets are replaced with vacuum? Is vacuum-filled foam a better or worse insulator than air-filled foam?

Foam can be made and slowly evacuated. Vacuum filled foam is a better insulator
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