The author makes use of a dataset of trades from major exchanges annotated with which parties were "HFT". Besides the definition of "HFT" being very unclear, deciding if a trade was executed by an HFT firm (even by what he defines as a HFT trader) is very hard to determine.
The author utilizes the Market Participant ID (MPID) to try to determine the underlying firm for a trade, but this is not reliable. It is very common for many many firms to share a single MPID for "tier aggregation" since fees are calculated by MPID and the fees exchanges charge improve with higher volume. This means that many firms (HFT and not) can share a single identifier. Also, many large banks have a single MPID for all their flow, which may include HFT proprietary trading as well as non-HFT flow. He notes these flaws, but I am not sure he realizes how pervasive these arrangements are in the marketplace.
Even if he was able to determine the underlying firm for each trade, there is no rolodex of HFT traders. The author makes a valiant attempt using firm websites and such, but this process is somewhat error prone.