Live data from Hacker News

Cybersecurity looks like proof of work now

dbreunig.com

191–200 of 230 posts

Re: Cybersecurity looks like proof of work now

#191

I don't understand the nature of the supposed security incidents found by LLMs: Are these totally previously unknown security holes or are they still generally within the umbrella of our understanding of cybersecurity itself? If it's the latter, why can't we systematically find and fix them ourselves?

"why isn't everything that could be discovered already discovered"

Re: Cybersecurity looks like proof of work now

#192
post #178

Looks similar to the halting problem to me ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halting_problem )

Whether an arbitrary piece of code can be exploited is obviously undecidable (i.e. it is equivalent to the halting problem). Let me give you an example that will sketch why this is the case: `if(sha(input1)==12345) { run_shell(input2);}`. The real question is how does this look like in practice, for the code that we as humans actually use in our networks.

Re: Cybersecurity looks like proof of work now

#193

There's still the question of access to the codebase. By all accounts, the best LLM cyber scanning approaches are really primitive - it's just a bash script that goes through every single file in the codebase and, for each one and runs a "find the vulns here" prompt. The attacker usually has even less access than this - in the beginning, they have network tools, an undocumented API, and maybe some binaries. You can d…

> it's just a bash script that goes through every single file in the codebase and, for each one and runs a "find the vulns here" prompt. This really is not the case. You have freedom of methodology. You can also ask it to enumerate various risks and find proof of existence for each of them. Certainly our LLM audits are not just a prompt per file - so I have a hard time believing that best in class tools would do this…

I've actually had pretty good results from doing exactly that. There was one FP when it tried to be Coverity and failed miserably, but the others were "you need to look at this bit more closely", and in most cases there was something there. Not necessarily a vuln but places where the code could have been written more clearly. It was like having your fourth grade English teacher looking over your shoulder and saying "you need to look at the grammar in this sentence more closely".

And using an LLM to audit your code isn't necessarily a case of turning it into perfect code, it's to keep ahead of the other side also using an LLM. You don't need to outrun the bear, just the other hikers.

Re: Cybersecurity looks like proof of work now

#194

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> Web Serial why in the absolute fuck would I want random web pages to be able to control all the devices connected to my computer?

It's essentially for programming microcontrollers, ESP32's and the like. It's really handy. You have to confirm the connection every time.

I have an idea - what if a webpage could just run arbitrary code? With a confirmation every time. Then you wouldn't need a WebX for every X.

Re: Cybersecurity looks like proof of work now

#195
post #26

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I think this is so relevant, and thank you for posting this. Of course it's trivially NOT true that you can defend against all exploits by making your system sufficiently compact and clean, but you can certainly have a big impact on the exploitable surface area. I think it's a bit bizarre that it's implicitly assumed that all codebases are broken enough, that if you were to attack them sufficiently, you'll eventually…

Problem is, the way economic activity is organised in general, there is no transition path from complex bloated systems to well designed completely human auditable systems. For example given the inherent (and proven) security risks of the Wordpress ecosystem, nobody should run WP anymore.

I'd hazard a guess 90% of WP instances could be replaced by static site generator + some tiny app to handle forms, and the 9/10th of remaining ones with static gen + form + some external commenting system, whether in cloud or something like commento.

Re: Cybersecurity looks like proof of work now

#196
post #32

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Commercial infosec is deleting firefox from develop machines, because it's not secure and explaining to muggles why they shouldn't commit secret material to the code repository. That and blocking my ssh access to home router of course.

I mean, often, yep. The real reason why they are unhappy with you having an unsupported browser is simply that it's much harder to reason about or enforce policies across bespoke environments. And in an enterprise of a sufficient scale, the probability that one of your employees is making a mistake today is basically 1. Someone is installing an infostealer browser extension, someone is typing in their password on a p…

The thing that kills me every time is how IT treat development machines the same way as the rest of the corporate network.

Developers usually need elevated privileges, executing unverified arbitrary code is literally their job. Their machines are not trustworthy, and yet, they often have access to the entire company internal network. So you get a situation where they have both too much privilege (access to resources beyond the scope of their work) and too little (some dev tools being unavailable).

Re: Cybersecurity looks like proof of work now

#197

There's still the question of access to the codebase. By all accounts, the best LLM cyber scanning approaches are really primitive - it's just a bash script that goes through every single file in the codebase and, for each one and runs a "find the vulns here" prompt. The attacker usually has even less access than this - in the beginning, they have network tools, an undocumented API, and maybe some binaries. You can d…

One defender, many attackers, I don't see how the economy of scale can be positive for the defender. Assuming your code is inaccessible isn't good for security. All security reviews are done assuming code source is available. If you don't provide the source, you'll never score high in the review.

I think automated scanning can be positive for the defenders, when the rate of introducing new vulnerabilities vs fixing old ones is < 1 (detection rate + infra is a factor too ofc). In that case, AI can become the many eyes to check FOSS and those projects will eventually reach a "secure" state.

Re: Cybersecurity looks like proof of work now

#198
post #107

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> Taken to an extreme, the end result is a dark forest. Sorry, how does that work?

since the suggestion is that the new security bug finding LLMs will increase protection because it will have access to the full source code then, the dark forest fear would be, if it is possible for an attacker to get all the source the attacker will be in a better position. This seems wrong however, as it ignores the arrow of time. The full source code has been scanned and fixed for things that LLMs can find before…

Any single company might be able to proactively defend themselves from attackers, but will companies invest the tokens in this? Most people simply don't care until it's too late.

And in a world where companies begin to suffer from attacks as a result - can the ones who are willing to invest in security defend themselves, not just against cyberattackers, but against a broader investor and customer backlash that believes that startups that build their own technology stacks are riskier due to perceptions about cybersecurity?

An angel investor or LP who sees news articles and media about cyberattacks, then has a portfolio company get hacked in a material way, may simply decide the space has become too risky for further investments, no matter how much prospects get on better security footings.

The dark forest hypothesis, at its core, is about a decision of whether to put your neck out in the universe; if the weapons and countermeasures being used are too horrifying to fathom, the risks unquantifiable, one chooses not to extend one's neck. And that is how an industry begins to dry.

Re: Cybersecurity looks like proof of work now

#199

I don't understand the nature of the supposed security incidents found by LLMs: Are these totally previously unknown security holes or are they still generally within the umbrella of our understanding of cybersecurity itself? If it's the latter, why can't we systematically find and fix them ourselves?

"why isn't everything that could be discovered already discovered"

So you believe AI actually discovered novel ways to compromise computer software that had previously been unknown to the entirety of cyber security experts in the world?

Big if true. Can you cite an example? I'm all ears.

Re: Cybersecurity looks like proof of work now

#200

Earlier quoted context omitted.

It's great news for developers. Extra spend on a development/test env so dev have no prod access, prod has no ssh access; and SREs get two laptops, with the second one being a Chromebook that only pulls credentials when it's absolutely necessary.

Yes, having a good development env with synthetic data, and an inaccessible, secure prod env just got justification. I never considered the secondary SRE laptop but I think it might be a good idea.

Please explain the second laptop. I'm studying cybersecurity, so think I should know why. Or is it a joke?
Post reply on HN